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As the practicality of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) based techniques grow, there is an ever increasing threat of adversarial attacks. There is a need to red team this ecosystem to identify system vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Chuyen Nguyen , Caleb Morgan , Sudip Mittal

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes deeply embedded in critical services and everyday products, it is increasingly exposed to security threats which traditional cyber defenses were not designed to handle. In this paper, we investigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Natalia Krawczyk , Mateusz Szczepkowski , Adrian Brodzik , Krzysztof Bocianiak

The complexity of modern computing environments and the growing sophistication of cyber threats necessitate a more robust, adaptive, and automated approach to security enforcement. In this paper, we present a framework leveraging large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Pablo Fernández Saura , K. R. Jayaram , Vatche Isahagian , Jorge Bernal Bernabé , Antonio Skarmeta

Organizations are increasingly targeted by Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), which involve complex, multi-stage tactics and diverse techniques. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sources, such as incident reports and security blogs, provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Sofia Della Penna , Roberto Natella , Vittorio Orbinato , Lorenzo Parracino , Luciano Pianese

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) mining involves extracting structured insights from unstructured threat data, enabling organizations to understand and respond to evolving adversarial behavior. A key task in CTI mining is mapping threat…

Over the last years, threat intelligence sharing has steadily grown, leading cybersecurity professionals to access increasingly larger amounts of heterogeneous data. Among those, cyber attacks' Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Valentine Legoy , Marco Caselli , Christin Seifert , Andreas Peter

In response to the escalating cyber threats, the efficiency of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) data collection has become paramount in ensuring robust cybersecurity. However, existing works encounter significant challenges in preprocessing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jamal H. Al-Yasiri , Mohamad Fadli Bin Zolkipli , Nik Fatinah N Mohd Farid , Mohammed Alsamman , Zainab Ali Mohammed

Cyber threat hunting is a proactive search process for hidden threats in the organization's information system. It is a crucial component of active defense against advanced persistent threats (APTs). However, most of the current threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Jiawei Li , Ru Zhang , Jianyi Liu , Gongshen Liu

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) enables organizations to anticipate, detect, and mitigate evolving cyber threats. Its effectiveness depends on high-quality datasets, which support model development, training, evaluation, and benchmarking.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Dincy R. Arikkat , Sneha B. T. , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P. , Rafidha Rehiman K. A. , Karthika R

Open-Source Projects and Libraries are being used in software development while also bearing multiple security vulnerabilities. This use of third party ecosystem creates a new kind of attack surface for a product in development. An…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Lorenzo Neil , Sudip Mittal , Anupam Joshi

Cyber threat intelligence is the provision of evidence-based knowledge about existing or emerging threats. Benefits from threat intelligence include increased situational awareness, efficiency in security operations, and improved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Vasileios Mavroeidis , Siri Bromander

Cyber threat and attack intelligence information are available in non-standard format from heterogeneous sources. Comprehending them and utilizing them for threat intelligence extraction requires engaging security experts. Knowledge graphs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Sharmishtha Dutta , Nidhi Rastogi , Destin Yee , Chuqiao Gu , Qicheng Ma

Cyberattacks are becoming increasingly difficult to detect and prevent due to their sophistication. In response, Autonomous Intelligent Cyber-defense Agents (AICAs) are emerging as crucial solutions. One prominent AICA agent is the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Damodar Panigrahi , Shaswata Mitra , Subash Neupane , Sudip Mittal , Benjamin A. Blakely

Threat actors can be persistent, motivated and agile, and leverage a diversified and extensive set of tactics and techniques to attain their goals. In response to that, defenders establish threat intelligence programs to stay…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Vasileios Mavroeidis , Audun Jøsang

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) has emerged as a vital complementary approach that operates in the early phases of the cyber threat lifecycle. CTI involves collecting, processing, and analyzing threat data to provide a more accurate and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Samaneh Shafee , Alysson Bessani , Pedro M. Ferreira

Incident management is a key aspect of operating large-scale cloud services. To aid with faster and efficient resolution of incidents, engineering teams document frequent troubleshooting steps in the form of Troubleshooting Guides (TSGs),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Manish Shetty , Chetan Bansal , Sai Pramod Upadhyayula , Arjun Radhakrishna , Anurag Gupta

Cyber-defense systems are being developed to automatically ingest Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) that contains semi-structured data and/or text to populate knowledge graphs. A potential risk is that fake CTI can be generated and spread…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Priyanka Ranade , Aritran Piplai , Sudip Mittal , Anupam Joshi , Tim Finin

Network threat detection has been challenging due to the complexities of attack activities and the limitation of historical threat data to learn from. To help enhance the existing practices of using analytics, machine learning, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Lili Zhang , Quanyan Zhu , Herman Ray , Ying Xie

In the digital era, threat actors employ sophisticated techniques for which, often, digital traces in the form of textual data are available. Cyber Threat Intelligence~(CTI) is related to all the solutions inherent to data collection,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Marco Arazzi , Dincy R. Arikkat , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera , Rafidha Rehiman K. A. , Vinod P. , Mauro Conti

Cyber threats have become increasingly prevalent and sophisticated. Prior work has extracted actionable cyber threat intelligence (CTI), such as indicators of compromise, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), or threat feeds from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Saskia Laura Schröer , Noé Canevascini , Irdin Pekaric , Philine Widmer , Pavel Laskov