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End-to-end generation of musical audio using deep learning techniques has seen an explosion of activity recently. However, most models concentrate on generating fully mixed music in response to abstract conditioning information. In this…

Modelling musical structure is vital yet challenging for artificial intelligence systems that generate symbolic music compositions. This literature review dissects the evolution of techniques for incorporating coherent structure, from…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Keshav Bhandari , Simon Colton

Deep learning models are typically evaluated to measure and compare their performance on a given task. The metrics that are commonly used to evaluate these models are standard metrics that are used for different tasks. In the field of music…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Carlos Hernandez-Olivan , Jorge Abadias Puyuelo , Jose R. Beltran

This paper is a survey and an analysis of different ways of using deep learning (deep artificial neural networks) to generate musical content. We propose a methodology based on five dimensions for our analysis: Objective - What musical…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Jean-Pierre Briot , Gaëtan Hadjeres , François-David Pachet

A model of music needs to have the ability to recall past details and have a clear, coherent understanding of musical structure. Detailed in the paper is a neural network architecture that predicts and generates polyphonic music aligned…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Nikhil Kotecha , Paul Young

This paper addresses the issue of long-scale correlations that is characteristic for symbolic music and is a challenge for modern generative algorithms. It suggests a very simple workaround for this challenge, namely, generation of a drum…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-21 Alexey Tikhonov , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

This paper presents a new approach to algorithmic composition, called predictive controlled music (PCM), which combines model predictive control (MPC) with music generation. PCM uses dynamic models to predict and optimize the music…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Midhun T. Augustine

Predictive models for music are studied by researchers of algorithmic composition, the cognitive sciences and machine learning. They serve as base models for composition, can simulate human prediction and provide a multidisciplinary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-04 Jonas Langhabel

Music foundation models possess impressive music generation capabilities. When people compose music, they may infuse their understanding of music into their work, by using notes and intervals to craft melodies, chords to build progressions,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Megan Wei , Michael Freeman , Chris Donahue , Chen Sun

Existing work in automatic music generation has mostly focused on end-to-end systems that generate either entire compositions or continuations of pieces, which are difficult for composers to iterate on. The area of computer-assisted…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Christian Zhou-Zheng , Philippe Pasquier

Our goal is to be able to build a generative model from a deep neural network architecture to try to create music that has both harmony and melody and is passable as music composed by humans. Previous work in music generation has mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Allen Huang , Raymond Wu

Automatic Music Generation (AMG) has become an interesting research topic for many scientists in artificial intelligence, who are also interested in the music industry. One of the main challenges in AMG is that there is no clear objective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Maryam Majidi , Rahil Mahdian Toroghi

In recent years, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become a universal tool for tackling real-world problems. ANNs have also shown great success in music-related tasks including music summarization and classification, similarity…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Stefan Lattner

Music generation models can produce high-fidelity coherent accompaniment given complete audio input, but are limited to editing and loop-based workflows. We study real-time audio-to-audio accompaniment: as a model hears an input audio…

Music mixing involves combining individual tracks into a cohesive mixture, a task characterized by subjectivity where multiple valid solutions exist for the same input. Existing automatic mixing systems treat this task as a deterministic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Eloi Moliner , Marco A. Martínez-Ramírez , Junghyun Koo , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Kin Wai Cheuk , Joan Serrà , Vesa Välimäki , Yuki Mitsufuji

The election of the function to optimize when training a machine learning model is very important since this is which lets the model learn. It is not trivial since there are many options, each for different purposes. In the case of sequence…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Sebastian Garcia-Valencia

We introduce a film score generation framework to harmonize visual pixels and music melodies utilizing a latent diffusion model. Our framework processes film clips as input and generates music that aligns with a general theme while offering…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-11-13 F. Qi , L. Ni , C. Xu

We introduce materiomusic as a generative framework linking the hierarchical structures of matter with the compositional logic of music. Across proteins, spider webs and flame dynamics, vibrational and architectural principles recur as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Markus J. Buehler

Music that is generated by recurrent neural networks often lacks a sense of direction and coherence. We therefore propose a two-stage LSTM-based model for lead sheet generation, in which the harmonic and rhythmic templates of the song are…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Cedric De Boom , Stephanie Van Laere , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

Deep learning has been demonstrated its effectiveness and efficiency in music genre classification. However, the existing achievements still have several shortcomings which impair the performance of this classification task. In this paper,…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Lin Feng , Shenlan Liu , Jianing Yao