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We contribute a pop-song automation framework for lead melody generation and accompaniment arrangement. The framework reflects the major procedures of human music composition, generating both lead melody and piano accompaniment by a unified…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Ziyu Wang , Gus Xia

At present, neural network-based models, including transformers, struggle to generate memorable and readily comprehensible music from unified and repetitive musical material due to a lack of understanding of musical structure. Consequently,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shangxuan Luo , Joshua Reiss

Music is a form of expression that often requires interaction between players. If one wishes to interact in such a musical way with a computer, it is necessary for the machine to be able to interpret the input given by the human to find its…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Filippo Carnovalini , Antonio Rodà

Evaluating generative models remains a fundamental challenge, particularly when the goal is to reflect human preferences. In this paper, we use music generation as a case study to investigate the gap between automatic evaluation metrics and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Huan Zhang , Jinhua Liang , Huy Phan , Wenwu Wang , Emmanouil Benetos

In the domain of algorithmic music composition, machine learning-driven systems eliminate the need for carefully hand-crafting rules for composition. In particular, the capability of recurrent neural networks to learn complex temporal…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Harish Kumar , Balaraman Ravindran

We investigate the problem of incorporating higher-level symbolic score-like information into Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) systems to improve their performance. We use recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and their variants as music…

Music contains hierarchical structures beyond beats and measures. While hierarchical structure annotations are helpful for music information retrieval and computer musicology, such annotations are scarce in current digital music databases.…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Junyan Jiang , Daniel Chin , Yixiao Zhang , Gus Xia

The rise of deep learning technologies has quickly advanced many fields, including that of generative music systems. There exist a number of systems that allow for the generation of good sounding short snippets, yet, these generated…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Zixun Guo , Makris Dimos , Herremans Dorien

Algorithmic music composition is a way of composing musical pieces with minimal to no human intervention. While recurrent neural networks are traditionally applied to many sequence-to-sequence prediction tasks, including successful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Moseli Mots'oehli , Anna Sergeevna Bosman , Johan Pieter De Villiers

Multi-modal music generation, using multiple modalities like text, images, and video alongside musical scores and audio as guidance, is an emerging research area with broad applications. This paper reviews this field, categorizing music…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shuyu Li , Shulei Ji , Zihao Wang , Songruoyao Wu , Jiaxing Yu , Kejun Zhang

In this paper, we consider the problem of probabilistically modelling symbolic music data. We introduce a representation which reduces polyphonic music to a univariate categorical sequence. In this way, we are able to apply state of the art…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Christian Walder

Polyphonic music generation is still a challenge direction due to its correct between generating melody and harmony. Most of the previous studies used RNN-based models. However, the RNN-based models are hard to establish the relationship…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Jiuyang Zhou , Hong Zhu , Xingping Wang

Several prior works have proposed various methods for the task of automatic melody harmonization, in which a model aims to generate a sequence of chords to serve as the harmonic accompaniment of a given multiple-bar melody sequence. In this…

Kansei models were used to study the connotative meaning of music. In multimedia and mixed reality, automatically generated melodies are increasingly being used. It is important to consider whether and what feelings are communicated by this…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Filippo Carnovalini , Alessandro Pelizzo , Antonio Rodà , Sergio Canazza

We introduce a novel playlist generation algorithm that focuses on the quality of transitions using a recurrent neural network (RNN). The proposed model assumes that optimal transitions between tracks can be modelled and predicted by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-08 Keunwoo Choi , George Fazekas , Mark Sandler

Research on generative systems in music has seen considerable attention and growth in recent years. A variety of attempts have been made to systematically evaluate such systems. We present an interdisciplinary review of the common…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alexander Lerch , Claire Arthur , Nick Bryan-Kinns , Corey Ford , Qianyi Sun , Ashvala Vinay

Traditionally, music was treated as an analogue signal and was generated manually. In recent years, music is conspicuous to technology which can generate a suite of music automatically without any human intervention. To accomplish this…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Sanidhya Mangal , Rahul Modak , Poorva Joshi

This paper presents a comparative analysis on two artificial neural networks (with different architectures) for the task of tempo estimation. For this purpose, it also proposes the modeling, training and evaluation of a B-RNN (Bidirectional…

Several methods exist for a computer to generate music based on data including Markov chains, recurrent neural networks, recombinancy, and grammars. We explore the use of unit selection and concatenation as a means of generating music using…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Mason Bretan , Gil Weinberg , Larry Heck

Recent progress in text-to-music generation has enabled models to synthesize high-quality musical segments, full compositions, and even respond to fine-grained control signals, e.g. chord progressions. State-of-the-art (SOTA) systems differ…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Or Tal , Felix Kreuk , Yossi Adi