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Large language models (LLMs) deployed as agents solve user-specified tasks over multiple steps while keeping the required manual engagement to a minimum. Crucially, such LLMs need to ground their generations in any feedback obtained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jonas Gehring , Kunhao Zheng , Jade Copet , Vegard Mella , Quentin Carbonneaux , Taco Cohen , Gabriel Synnaeve

Agentic reinforcement learning increasingly relies on experience-driven scaling, yet real-world environments remain non-adaptive, limited in coverage, and difficult to scale. World models offer a potential way to improve learning efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yixia Li , Hongru Wang , Jiahao Qiu , Zhenfei Yin , Dongdong Zhang , Cheng Qian , Zeping Li , Pony Ma , Guanhua Chen , Heng Ji

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown strong perception and reasoning abilities for instruction-following embodied agents. However, despite these abilities and their generalization performance, they still face limitations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jinsik Bang , Jaeyeon Bae , Donggyu Lee , Siyeol Jung , Taehwan Kim

We propose a framework that leverages foundation models as teachers, guiding a reinforcement learning agent to acquire semantically meaningful behavior without human feedback. In our framework, the agent receives task instructions grounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Taewook Nam , Juyong Lee , Jesse Zhang , Sung Ju Hwang , Joseph J. Lim , Karl Pertsch

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have renewed interest in reward design for shaping agent behavior, but manually crafting reward functions is tedious and error-prone. A principled alternative is to specify behavioral…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Milad Kazemi , Mateo Perez , Fabio Somenzi , Sadegh Soudjani , Ashutosh Trivedi , Alvaro Velasquez

In this paper we target the problem of transferring policies across multiple environments with different dynamics parameters and motor noise variations, by introducing a framework that decouples the processes of policy learning and system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Homanga Bharadhwaj , Shoichiro Yamaguchi , Shin-ichi Maeda

We formulate and test a technique to use Emergent Communication (EC) with a pre-trained multilingual model to improve on modern Unsupervised NMT systems, especially for low-resource languages. It has been argued that the current dominant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 C. M. Downey , Xuhui Zhou , Leo Z. Liu , Shane Steinert-Threlkeld

Large Language Model (LLM) based agents have proved their ability to perform complex tasks like humans. However, there is still a large gap between open-sourced LLMs and commercial models like the GPT series. In this paper, we focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dayuan Fu , Keqing He , Yejie Wang , Wentao Hong , Zhuoma Gongque , Weihao Zeng , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Weiran Xu

Entity alignment (EA) aims to identify entities across different knowledge graphs (KGs) that refer to the same real-world object and plays a critical role in knowledge fusion and integration. Traditional EA methods mainly rely on knowledge…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yixuan Nan , Xixun Lin , Yanmin Shang , Ge Zhang , Zheng Fang , Fang Fang , Yanan Cao

One aspect of intelligence is the ability to restructure your own environment so that the world you live in becomes more beneficial to you. In this paper we investigate how the information-theoretic measure of agent empowerment can provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-06-09 Christoph Salge , Cornelius Glackin , Daniel Polani

We teach goal-driven agents to interactively act and speak in situated environments by training on generated curriculums. Our agents operate in LIGHT (Urbanek et al. 2019) -- a large-scale crowd-sourced fantasy text adventure game wherein…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Renee Jia , Mark O. Riedl

Reinforcement learning from large-scale offline datasets provides us with the ability to learn policies without potentially unsafe or impractical exploration. Significant progress has been made in the past few years in dealing with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Philip J. Ball , Cong Lu , Jack Parker-Holder , Stephen Roberts

State of the art reinforcement learning has enabled training agents on tasks of ever increasing complexity. However, the current paradigm tends to favor training agents from scratch on every new task or on collections of tasks with a view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Jacob Walker , Eszter Vértes , Yazhe Li , Gabriel Dulac-Arnold , Ankesh Anand , Théophane Weber , Jessica B. Hamrick

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated high performance on tasks expressed in natural language, particularly in zero- or few-shot settings. These are typically framed as supervised (e.g., classification) or unsupervised (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yarik Menchaca Resendiz , Roman Klinger

Robot learning approaches such as behavior cloning and reinforcement learning have shown great promise in synthesizing robot skills from human demonstrations in specific environments. However, these approaches often require task-specific…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Arthur Bucker , Pablo Ortega-Kral , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

In order to successfully perform tasks specified by natural language instructions, an artificial agent operating in a visual world needs to map words, concepts, and actions from the instruction to visual elements in its environment. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Soumik Dasgupta , Badri N. Patro , Vinay P. Namboodiri

Existing LLM-based agents have achieved strong performance on held-in tasks, but their generalizability to unseen tasks remains poor. Hence, some recent work focus on fine-tuning the policy model with more diverse tasks to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yu Xia , Jingru Fan , Weize Chen , Siyu Yan , Xin Cong , Zhong Zhang , Yaxi Lu , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Language grounding aims at linking the symbolic representation of language (e.g., words) into the rich perceptual knowledge of the outside world. The general approach is to embed both textual and visual information into a common space -the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Hassan Shahmohammadi , Hendrik P. A. Lensch , R. Harald Baayen

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding is a key capability for computer-use agents, mapping natural-language instructions to actionable regions on the screen. Existing Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) approaches typically formulate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shijie Zhou , Viet Dac Lai , Hao Tan , Jihyung Kil , Wanrong Zhu , Changyou Chen , Ruiyi Zhang

We introduce Reward-Zero, a general-purpose implicit reward mechanism that transforms natural-language task descriptions into dense, semantically grounded progress signals for reinforcement learning (RL). Reward-Zero serves as a simple yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Heng Zhang , Haddy Alchaer , Arash Ajoudani , Yu She