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Reliability quantification of deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based control is a significant challenge for the practical application of artificial intelligence (AI) in safety-critical systems. This study proposes a method for quantifying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-22 Hitoshi Yoshioka , Hirotada Hashimoto

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents achieve impressive results in a wide variety of tasks, but they lack zero-shot adaptation capabilities. While most robustness evaluations focus on tasks complexifications, for which human also…

In recent years, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has become a popular paradigm in machine learning due to its successful applications to real-world and complex systems. However, even the state-of-the-art DRL models have been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Davide Corsi , Guy Amir , Guy Katz , Alessandro Farinelli

Saliency maps are a popular approach for explaining classifications of (convolutional) neural networks. However, it remains an open question as to how best to evaluate salience maps, with three families of evaluation methods commonly being…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Felix Kares , Timo Speith , Hanwei Zhang , Markus Langer

In order perform a large variety of tasks and to achieve human-level performance in complex real-world environments, Artificial Intelligence (AI) Agents must be able to learn from their past experiences and gain both knowledge and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Andrei Claudiu Roibu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has demonstrated its potential in solving complex manufacturing decision-making problems, especially in a context where the system learns over time with actual operation in the absence of training data. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Miguel Neves , Pedro Neto

Modern deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods have made significant advances in handling continuous action spaces. However, real-world control systems, especially those requiring precise and reliable performance, often demand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xuyang Li , Romit Maulik

The classification decisions of neural networks can be misled by small imperceptible perturbations. This work aims to explain the misled classifications using saliency methods. The idea behind saliency methods is to explain the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) paradigm, and its reference architecture proposed by the O-RAN Alliance, is paving the way toward open, interoperable, observable and truly intelligent cellular networks. Crucial to this evolution is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Raoul Raftopoulos , Salvatore D'Oro , Tommaso Melodia , Giovanni Schembra

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a subfield of machine learning for training autonomous agents that take sequential actions across complex environments. Despite its significant performance in well-known environments, it remains…

Learning control policies with large discrete action spaces is a challenging problem in the field of reinforcement learning due to present inefficiencies in exploration. With high dimensional action spaces, there are a large number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Keqin Wang , Alison Bartsch , Amir Barati Farimani

Saliency methods have emerged as a popular tool to highlight features in an input deemed relevant for the prediction of a learned model. Several saliency methods have been proposed, often guided by visual appeal on image data. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Julius Adebayo , Justin Gilmer , Michael Muelly , Ian Goodfellow , Moritz Hardt , Been Kim

The potential of Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been demonstrated through successful applications to games such as Go and Atari. However, while it is straightforward to evaluate the performance of an RL algorithm in a game setting by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-28 MingYu Lu , Zachary Shahn , Daby Sow , Finale Doshi-Velez , Li-wei H. Lehman

Deep neural networks have shown their profound impact on achieving human level performance in visual saliency prediction. However, it is still unclear how they learn the task and what it means in terms of understanding human visual system.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Sai Phani Kumar Malladi , Jayanta Mukhopadhyay , Chaker Larabi , Santanu Chaudhury

Saliency maps can explain a neural model's predictions by identifying important input features. They are difficult to interpret for laypeople, especially for instances with many features. In order to make them more accessible, we formalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Nils Feldhus , Leonhard Hennig , Maximilian Dustin Nasert , Christopher Ebert , Robert Schwarzenberg , Sebastian Möller

Artificial agents' adaptability to novelty and alignment with intended behavior is crucial for their effective deployment. Reinforcement learning (RL) leverages novelty as a means of exploration, yet agents often struggle to handle novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Quentin Delfosse , Jannis Blüml , Bjarne Gregori , Kristian Kersting

Traditionally, Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims at deciding how to act optimally for an artificial agent. We argue that deciding when to act is equally important. As humans, we drift from default, instinctive or memorized behaviors to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Alexis Jacq , Johan Ferret , Olivier Pietquin , Matthieu Geist

Clinical decision support requires not only correct answers but also clinically valid reasoning. We propose Differential Reasoning Learning (DRL), a framework that improves clinical agents by learning from reasoning discrepancies. From…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jinsong Liu , Yuhang Jiang , Ramayya Krishnan , Rema Padman , Yiye Zhang , Jiang Bian

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms have been demonstrated to be effective in a wide range of challenging decision making and control tasks. However, these methods typically suffer from severe action oscillations in particular in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Chen Chen , Hongyao Tang , Jianye Hao , Wulong Liu , Zhaopeng Meng

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has received a lot of attention from the research community in recent years. As the technology moves away from game playing to practical contexts, such as autonomous vehicles and robotics, it is crucial to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Matteo Biagiola , Paolo Tonella