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We introduce a mathematical framework for retrosynthetic analysis, an important research method in synthetic chemistry. Our approach represents molecules and their interaction using string diagrams in layered props - a recently introduced…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Ella Gale , Leo Lobski , Fabio Zanasi

Reaction networks (RNs) comprise a set $X$ of species and a set $\mathscr{R}$ of reactions $Y\to Y'$, each converting a multiset of educts $Y\subseteq X$ into a multiset $Y'\subseteq X$ of products. RNs are equivalent to directed…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-06 Stefan Müller , Christoph Flamm , Peter F. Stadler

We provide a categorical semantics for bounded Petri nets, both in the collective- and individual-token philosophy. In both cases, we describe the process of bounding a net internally, by just constructing new categories of executions of a…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Fabrizio Romano Genovese , Fosco Loregian , Daniele Palombi

Synthesis automatically generates a process model from a behavioural specification. When the target model is a Petri net, we address synthesis through region theory. Researchers have studied region-based synthesis extensively for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Robin Bergenthum , Jakub Kovář

We present a novel method for identifying a biochemical reaction network based on multiple sets of estimated reaction rates in the corresponding reaction rate equations arriving from various (possibly different) experiments. The current…

Applications · Statistics 2008-10-06 Gheorghe Craciun , Casian Pantea , Grzegorz A. Rempala

Chemical reactions involve the movement of charges, and this work presents a mathematical model for describing chemical reactions in electrolytes. The model is developed using an energy variational method that aligns with classical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-02 Shixin Xu , Robert Eisenberg , Zilong Song , Huaxiong Huang

In many complex systems that can be modeled using Petri nets time can be a very important factor which should be taken into account during creation and analysis of the model. Time data can describe starting moments of some actions or their…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Marcin Radom , Piotr Formanowicz

Petri nets have found widespread use among many application domains, not least due to their human-friendly graphical syntax for the composition of interacting distributed and asynchronous processes and services, based in partial-order…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Heinz W. Schmidt

For dynamical systems arising from chemical reaction networks, persistence is the property that each species concentration remains positively bounded away from zero, as long as species concentrations were all positive in the beginning. We…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-07-29 Michael Marcondes de Freitas , Elisenda Feliu , Carsten Wiuf

We extend the traditional framework of steady state energy transduction -- typically characterized by a single input and output -- to multi-resource transduction in open chemical reaction networks (CRNs). Transduction occurs when…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-24 Massimo Bilancioni , Massimiliano Esposito

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are prototypical complex systems because reactions are nonlinear and connected in intricate ways, and they are also essential to understand living systems. Here, I discuss how recent developments in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-12-23 Massimiliano Esposito

The development of chemical reaction models aids understanding and prediction in areas ranging from biology to electrochemistry and combustion. A systematic approach to building reaction network models uses observational data not only to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Nikhil Galagali , Youssef M. Marzouk

The execution of an event in a complex and distributed system where the dependencies vary during the evolution of the system can be represented in many ways, and one of them is to use Context-Dependent Event structures. Event structures are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 G. Michele Pinna

In this paper, we propose a new method to identify biochemical reaction networks (i.e. both reactions and kinetic parameters) from heterogeneous datasets. Such datasets can contain (a) data from several replicates of an experiment performed…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Wei Pan , Ye Yuan , Lennart Ljung , Jorge Goncalves , Guy-Bart Stan

The formalism of the models with Petri networks provides a sound theoretical base, supported by powerful mathematical methods able to extract information necessary for the formalism and simulation of the real system that provides features…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-03-26 Alexandra Emilia Fortis

This paper exploits extended Bayesian networks for uncertainty reasoning on Petri nets, where firing of transitions is probabilistic. In particular, Bayesian networks are used as symbolic representations of probability distributions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Rebecca Bernemann , Benjamin Cabrera , Reiko Heckel , Barbara König

Chemical transformations depend not only on the identities of the reacting species but also on the catalytic, environmental, and intermediate conditions under which they occur. Classical binary reaction formalisms usually treat such…

In chemical reaction network theory, ordinary differential equations are used to model the temporal change of chemical species concentration. As the functional form of these ordinary differential equations systems is derived from an…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-27 Anna C. M. Thöni , William E. Robinson , Yoram Bachrach , Wilhelm T. S. Huck , Tal Kachman

Model checking is an important aim of the theoretical computer science. It enables the verification of a model with a set of properties such as liveness, deadlock or safety. One of the typical modelling techniques are Petri nets they are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-13 Alexander Schulz

The goal of this paper is to gather and develop some necessary and sufficient criteria for injectivity and multistationarity in vector fields associated with a chemical reaction network under a variety of more or less general assumptions on…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-10-28 Murad Banaji , Casian Pantea