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Reaction networks, or equivalently Petri nets, are a general framework for describing processes in which entities of various kinds interact and turn into other entities. In chemistry, where the reactions are assigned "rate constants", any…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 John C. Baez , Blake S. Pollard

Reaction networks are a general formalism for describing collections of classical entities interacting in a random way. While reaction networks are mainly studied by chemists, they are equivalent to Petri nets, which are used for similar…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 John C. Baez

Petri nets provide accurate analogues to chemical reaction networks, with places representing individual molecules (the resources of the system) and transitions representing chemical reactions which convert educt molecules into product…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Addie Jordon , Juri Kolčák , Daniel Merkle

Petri networks and network models are two frameworks for the compositional design of systems of interacting entities. Here we show how to combine them using the concept of a "catalyst": an entity that is neither destroyed nor created by any…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-07 John C. Baez , John Foley , Joe Moeller

Persistency is the property, for differential equations in $\R^n$, that solutions starting in the positive orthant do not approach the boundary. For chemical reactions and population models, this translates into the non-extinction property:…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 David Angeli , Patrick De Leenheer , Eduardo Sontag

We define an extension of time Petri nets such that the time at which a transition can fire, also called its firing date, may be dynamically updated. Our extension provides two mechanisms for updating the timing constraints of a net. First,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-16 Silvano Dal Zilio , Lukasz Fronc , Bernard Berthomieu , François Vernadat

In time Petri nets (TPNs), time and control are tightly connected: time measurement for a transition starts only when all resources needed to fire it are available. Further, upper bounds on duration of enabledness can force transitions to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Loïc Hélouët , Pranay Agrawal

Here we focus on the challenge of verifying the correctness of molecular implementations of abstract chemical reaction networks, where operation in a well-mixed "soup" of molecules is stochastic, asynchronous, concurrent, and often involves…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Seung Woo Shin , Chris Thachuk , Erik Winfree

We show that very simple molecular systems, modeled as chemical reaction networks, can have behaviors that exhibit dramatic phase transitions at certain population thresholds. Moreover, the magnitudes of these thresholds can thwart attempts…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-06-02 James I. Lathrop , Jack H. Lutz , Robyn R. Lutz , Hugh D. Potter , Matthew R. Riley

Many biochemical and industrial applications involve complicated networks of simultaneously occurring chemical reactions. Under the assumption of mass action kinetics, the dynamics of these chemical reaction networks are governed by systems…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-07-15 Matthew D. Johnston

We describe a large class of chemical reaction networks, those endowed with a subtle structural property called concordance. We show that the class of concordant networks coincides precisely with the class of networks which, when taken with…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2011-09-15 Guy Shinar , Martin Feinberg

We report the first study of a network of connected enzyme-catalyzed reactions, with added chemical and enzymatic processes that incorporate the recently developed biochemical filtering steps into the functioning of this biocatalytic…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2013-12-17 Vladimir Privman , Oleksandr Zavalov , Lenka Halamkova , Fiona Moseley , Jan Halamek , Evgeny Katz

The categorical modeling of Petri nets has received much attention recently. The Dialectica construction has also had its fair share of attention. We revisit the use of the Dialectica construction as a categorical model for Petri nets…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Elena Di Lavore , Wilmer Leal , Valeria de Paiva

In Petri net synthesis we ask whether a given transition system $A$ can be implemented by a Petri net $N$. Depending on the level of accuracy, there are three ways how $N$ can implement $A$: an embedding, the least accurate implementation,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Raymond Devillers , Ronny Tredup

We present a unified framework for Petri nets and various variants, such as pre-nets and Kock's whole-grain Petri nets. Our framework is based on a less well-studied notion that we call $\Sigma$-nets, which allow finer control over whether…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-28 John C. Baez , Fabrizio Genovese , Jade Master , Michael Shulman

Inspired by Anderson et al. [J. R. Soc. Interface, 2014] we study the long-term behavior of discrete chemical reaction networks (CRNs). In particular, using techniques from both Petri net theory and CRN theory, we provide a powerful…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Robert Brijder

Petri nets are a well-known model of concurrency and provide an ideal setting for the study of fundamental aspects in concurrent systems. Despite their simplicity, they still lack a satisfactory causally reversible semantics. We develop…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Hernán Melgratti , Claudio Antares Mezzina , Irek Ulidowski

Under suitable assumptions, the dynamic behaviour of a chemical reaction network is governed by an autonomous set of polynomial ordinary differential equations over continuous variables representing the concentrations of the reactant…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-07-15 Matthew D. Johnston , David Siegel

Automated synthesis from behavioural specifications is an attractive and powerful way of constructing concurrent systems. Here we focus on the problem of synthesising a membrane system from a behavioural specification given in the form of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-11-20 Jetty Kleijn , Maciej Koutny , Marta Pietkiewicz-Koutny , Grzegorz Rozenberg

Motivation: A Chemical Reaction Network (CRN) is a set of chemical reactions, which can be very complex and difficult to analyze. Indeed, dynamical properties of CRNs can be described by a set of non-linear differential equations that…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Lucia Nasti , Roberta Gori , Paolo Milazzo , Federico Poloni
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