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AI agents are increasingly deployed to execute important tasks. While rising accuracy scores on standard benchmarks suggest rapid progress, many agents still continue to fail in practice. This discrepancy highlights a fundamental limitation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Stephan Rabanser , Sayash Kapoor , Peter Kirgis , Kangheng Liu , Saiteja Utpala , Arvind Narayanan

AI agents -- systems that combine foundation models with reasoning, planning, memory, and tool use -- are rapidly becoming a practical interface between natural-language intent and real-world computation. This survey synthesizes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bin Xu

AI agents deployed in assistive roles often have to collaborate with other agents (humans, AI systems) without prior coordination. Methods considered state of the art for such ad hoc teamwork often pursue a data-driven approach that needs a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Hasra Dodampegama , Mohan Sridharan

In cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), it is a common practice to tune hyperparameters in ideal simulated environments to maximize cooperative performance. However, policies tuned for cooperation often fail to maintain…

The European Union's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act defines robustness, resilience, and security requirements for high-risk sectors but lacks detailed methodologies for assessment. This paper introduces a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Timothy Tjhay , Ricardo J. Bessa , Jose Paulos

Robustness is a key requirement for high-risk AI systems under the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). However, both its definition and assessment methods remain underspecified, leaving providers with little concrete direction on how…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Roberta Tamponi , Carina Prunkl , Thomas Bäck , Anna V. Kononova

The automated generation of agentic workflows is a promising frontier for enabling large language models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks. However, our investigation reveals that the robustness of agentic workflow remains a critical,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shengxiang Xu , Jiayi Zhang , Shimin Di , Yuyu Luo , Liang Yao , Hanmo Liu , Jia Zhu , Fan Liu , Min-Ling Zhang

How do people build up trust with artificial agents? Here, we study a key component of interpersonal trust: people's ability to evaluate the competence of another agent across repeated interactions. Prior work has largely focused on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Erik Brockbank , Haoliang Wang , Justin Yang , Suvir Mirchandani , Erdem Bıyık , Dorsa Sadigh , Judith E. Fan

State-of-the-art methods for Human-AI Teaming and Zero-shot Cooperation focus on task completion, i.e., task rewards, as the sole evaluation metric while being agnostic to how the two agents work with each other. Furthermore, subjective…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Upasana Biswas , Vardhan Palod , Siddhant Bhambri , Subbarao Kambhampati

While there has been significant progress in curriculum learning and continuous learning for training agents to generalize across a wide variety of environments in the context of single-agent reinforcement learning, it is unclear if these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Rupali Bhati , Sai Krishna Gottipati , Clodéric Mars , Matthew E. Taylor

Resilience refers to the ability of systems to withstand, adapt to, and recover from disruptive events. While studies on resilience have attracted significant attention across various research domains, the precise definition of this concept…

We present the results of the second Neural MMO challenge, hosted at IJCAI 2022, which received 1600+ submissions. This competition targets robustness and generalization in multi-agent systems: participants train teams of agents to complete…

This paper studies algorithmic decision-making under human's strategic behavior, where a decision maker uses an algorithm to make decisions about human agents, and the latter with information about the algorithm may exert effort…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Tian Xie , Xuwei Tan , Xueru Zhang

People frequently face challenging decision-making problems in which outcomes are uncertain or unknown. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms exist that can outperform humans at learning such tasks. Thus, there is an opportunity for AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Ravi Pandya , Sandy H. Huang , Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Anca D. Dragan

Learning collaborative behaviors is essential for multi-agent systems. Traditionally, multi-agent reinforcement learning solves this implicitly through a joint reward and centralized observations, assuming collaborative behavior will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhengran Ji , Lingyu Zhang , Paul Sajda , Boyuan Chen

Zero-shot human-AI coordination holds the promise of collaborating with humans without human data. Prevailing methods try to train the ego agent with a population of partners via self-play. However, these methods suffer from two problems:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Xingzhou Lou , Jiaxian Guo , Junge Zhang , Jun Wang , Kaiqi Huang , Yali Du

In the future, artificial learning agents are likely to become increasingly widespread in our society. They will interact with both other learning agents and humans in a variety of complex settings including social dilemmas. We argue that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Tobias Baumann

Empirical design in reinforcement learning is no small task. Running good experiments requires attention to detail and at times significant computational resources. While compute resources available per dollar have continued to grow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Andrew Patterson , Samuel Neumann , Martha White , Adam White

Stochastic multi-agent systems are a central modeling framework for autonomous controllers, communication protocols, and cyber-physical infrastructures. In many such systems, however, transition probabilities are only estimated from data…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Raphaël Berthon , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Munyque Mittelmann , Aniello Murano

There are many AI tasks involving multiple interacting agents where agents should learn to cooperate and collaborate to effectively perform the task. Here we develop and evaluate various multi-agent protocols to train agents to collaborate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Niranjan Balachandar , Justin Dieter , Govardana Sachithanandam Ramachandran