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Related papers: A Survey on Simulators for Testing Self-Driving Ca…

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To autonomously control vehicles, driving agents use outputs from a combination of machine-learning (ML) models, controller logic, and custom modules. Although numerous prior works have shown that adversarial examples can mislead ML models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Henry Wong , Clement Fung , Weiran Lin , Karen Li , Stanley Chen , Lujo Bauer

While engaging with the unfolding revolution in autonomous driving, a challenge presents itself, how can we effectively raise awareness within society about this transformative trend? While full-scale autonomous driving vehicles often come…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Dianzhao Li , Paul Auerbach , Ostap Okhrin

Safety and cost are two important concerns for the development of autonomous driving technologies. From the academic research to commercial applications of autonomous driving vehicles, sufficient simulation and real world testing are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Xuemin Hu , Shen Li , Tingyu Huang , Bo Tang , Rouxing Huai , Long Chen

Autonomous vehicles require accurate and reliable short-term trajectory predictions for safe and efficient driving. While most commercial automated vehicles currently use state machine-based algorithms for trajectory forecasting, recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Sushil Sharma , Ganesh Sistu , Lucie Yahiaoui , Arindam Das , Mark Halton , Ciarán Eising

The fast development of technology and artificial intelligence has significantly advanced Autonomous Vehicle (AV) research, emphasizing the need for extensive simulation testing. Accurate and adaptable maps are critical in AV development,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zubair Islam , Ahmaad Ansari , George Daoud , Mohamed El-Darieby

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) i.e., self-driving cars, operate in a safety critical domain, since errors in the autonomous driving software can lead to huge losses. Statistically, road intersections which are a part of the AVs operational…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Zaid Tahir , Rob Alexander

Comprehensive and efficient validation of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is critical prior to real-world deployment. While simulation-based testing offers scalability, existing approaches often lack seamless integration with real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kanglong Quan , Zhebing Xia , Linfeng Jiang , Hao Yu , Ziheng Qiao , Dapeng Dong , Dongyao Jia

Despite the rapid improvement of autonomous driving technology in recent years, automotive manufacturers must resolve liability issues to commercialize autonomous passenger car of SAE J3016 Level 3 or higher. To cope with the product…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Ho Suk , Taewoo Kim , Hyungbin Park , Pamul Yadav , Junyong Lee , Shiho Kim

Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng

This paper describes a verification case study on an autonomous racing car with a neural network (NN) controller. Although several verification approaches have been proposed over the last year, they have only been evaluated on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-25 Radoslav Ivanov , Taylor J. Carpenter , James Weimer , Rajeev Alur , George J. Pappas , Insup Lee

Achieving fully autonomous driving systems requires learning rational decisions in a wide span of scenarios, including safety-critical and out-of-distribution ones. However, such cases are underrepresented in real-world corpus collected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haochen Tian , Tianyu Li , Haochen Liu , Jiazhi Yang , Yihang Qiu , Guang Li , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Hangjun Ye , Tieniu Tan , Long Chen , Hongyang Li

This paper addresses the challenge of ensuring realistic traffic conditions by proposing a methodology that systematically identifies traffic simulation requirements. Using a structured approach based on sub-goals in each study phase,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Sven Tarlowski , Lutz Eckstein

Autonomous driving simulations require highly realistic images. Our preliminary study found that when the CARLA Simulator image was made more like reality by using DCLGAN, the performance of the lane recognition model improved to levels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Seongjeong Park , Jinu Pahk , Lennart Lorenz Freimuth Jahn , Yongseob Lim , Jinung An , Gyeungho Choi

In recent years, autonomous driving systems have made significant progress, yet ensuring their safety remains a key challenge. To this end, scenario-based testing offers a practical solution, and simulation-based methods have gained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jiahui Wu , Chengjie Lu , Aitor Arrieta , Shaukat Ali

Autonomous systems require identifying the environment and it has a long way to go before putting it safely into practice. In autonomous driving systems, the detection of obstacles and traffic lights are of importance as well as lane…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Namig Aliyev , Oguzhan Sezer , Mehmet Turan Guzel

Scenario-based testing using simulations is a cornerstone of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) software validation. So far, developers needed to choose between low-fidelity 2D simulators to explore the scenario space efficiently, and high-fidelity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Marc Kaufeld , Korbinian Moller , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini , Johannes Betz

Testing of function safety and Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) is important for autonomous vehicles (AVs). It is hard to test the AV's hazard response in the real world because it would involve hazards to passengers and other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Longfei Mo , Min Hua , Hongyu Sun , Hongming Xu , Bin Shuai , Quan Zhou

The aviation industry has a market driven need to maintain and develop enhanced simulation capabilities for a wide range of application domains. In particular, the future growth and disruptive ability of smart cities, autonomous vehicles…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Joshua Fadaie

Current validation methods often rely on recorded data and basic functional checks, which may not be sufficient to encompass the scenarios an autonomous vehicle might encounter. In addition, there is a growing need for complex scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Marc Kaufeld , Rainer Trauth , Johannes Betz

Search-based testing is critical for evaluating the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems (ADSs). However, existing approaches are often built on heterogeneous frameworks (e.g., distinct scenario spaces, simulators, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Mingfei Cheng , Lionel Briand , Yuan Zhou