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Related papers: A Survey on Simulators for Testing Self-Driving Ca…

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Machine Learning applications are acknowledged at the foundation of autonomous driving, because they are the enabling technology for most driving tasks. However, the inclusion of trained agents in automotive systems exposes the vehicle to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Niccolò Piazzesi , Massimo Hong , Andrea Ceccarelli

Software systems with large parameter spaces, nondeterminism and high computational cost are challenging to test. Recently, software testing techniques based on causal inference have been successfully applied to systems that exhibit such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Michael Foster , Robert M. Hierons , Donghwan Shin , Neil Walkinshaw , Christopher Wild

Safe deployment of self-driving cars (SDC) necessitates thorough simulated and in-field testing. Most testing techniques consider virtualized SDCs within a simulation environment, whereas less effort has been directed towards assessing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Andrea Stocco , Brian Pulfer , Paolo Tonella

Sim-to real gap in Reinforcement Learning is when a model trained in a simulator does not translate to the real world. This is a problem for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) as vehicle dynamics can vary from simulation to reality, and also from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jonathan Wellington Morris , Vishrut Shah , Alex Besanceney , Daksh Shah , Leilani H. Gilpin

Despite all the challenges and limitations, vision-based vehicle speed detection is gaining research interest due to its great potential benefits such as cost reduction, and enhanced additional functions. As stated in a recent survey [1],…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Antonio Hernández Martínez , Javier Lorenzo Díaz , Iván García Daza , David Fernández Llorca

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) promise improved transportation efficiency and safety, yet ensuring their reliability in complex real-world environments remains a critical challenge. Effective testing is essential to validate ADS…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yihan Liao , Jingyu Zhang , Jacky Keung , Yan Xiao , Yurou Dai

Autonomous car racing is a challenging task, as it requires precise applications of control while the vehicle is operating at cornering speeds. Traditional autonomous pipelines require accurate pre-mapping, localization, and planning which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Dvij Kalaria , Qin Lin , John M. Dolan

Scenario-based testing has emerged as a common method for autonomous vehicles (AVs) safety assessment, offering a more efficient alternative to mile-based testing by focusing on high-risk scenarios. However, fundamental questions persist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xingyu Zhao , Robab Aghazadeh-Chakherlou , Chih-Hong Cheng , Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini

Ensuring the safe and efficient operation of CAVs relies heavily on the software framework used. A software framework needs to ensure real-time properties, reliable communication, and efficient resource utilization. Furthermore, a software…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-07 David Klüner , Simon Schäfer , Lucas Hegerath , Jianye Xu , Julius Kahle , Hazem Ibrahim , Alexandru Kampmann , Bassam Alrifaee

We present Sim-on-Wheels, a safe, realistic, and vehicle-in-loop framework to test autonomous vehicles' performance in the real world under safety-critical scenarios. Sim-on-wheels runs on a self-driving vehicle operating in the physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yuan Shen , Bhargav Chandaka , Zhi-hao Lin , Albert Zhai , Hang Cui , David Forsyth , Shenlong Wang

Extracting interesting scenarios from real-world data as well as generating failure cases is important for the development and testing of autonomous systems. We propose efficient mechanisms to both characterize and generate testing…

Testing Automated Driving Systems (ADS) in simulation with realistic driving scenarios is important for verifying their performance. However, converting real-world driving videos into simulation scenarios is a significant challenge due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yan Miao , Georgios Fainekos , Bardh Hoxha , Hideki Okamoto , Danil Prokhorov , Sayan Mitra

Even as technology and performance gains are made in the sphere of automated driving, safety concerns remain. Vehicle simulation has long been seen as a tool to overcome the cost associated with a massive amount of on-road testing for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Joe Beck , Shean Huff , Subhadeep Chakraborty

Closed-loop evaluation is increasingly critical for end-to-end autonomous driving. Current closed-loop benchmarks using the CARLA simulator rely on manually configured traffic scenarios, which can diverge from real-world conditions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haibao Yu , Wenxian Yang , Ruiyang Hao , Chuanye Wang , Jiaru Zhong , Ping Luo , Zaiqing Nie

Reinforcement learning has been demonstrated to outperform even the best humans in complex domains like video games. However, running reinforcement learning experiments on the required scale for autonomous driving is extremely difficult.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Moritz Harmel , Anubhav Paras , Andreas Pasternak , Nicholas Roy , Gary Linscott

Simulation especially real-time simulation have been widely used for the design and testing of real-time systems. The advancement of simulation tools has largely attributed to the evolution of computing technologies. With the reduced cost…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Xi Zheng

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have demonstrated significant potential in revolutionizing transportation, yet ensuring their safety and reliability remains a critical challenge, especially when exposed to dynamic and unpredictable environments.…

Autonomous racing offers a rigorous setting to stress test perception, planning, and control under high speed and uncertainty. This paper proposes an approach to design and evaluate a software stack for an autonomous race car in CARLA: Car…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Joseph Abdo , Aditya Shibu , Moaiz Saeed , Abdul Maajid Aga , Apsara Sivaprazad , Mohamed Al-Musleh

Self-driving technology is expected to revolutionize different sectors and is seen as the natural evolution of road vehicles. In the last years, real-world validation of designed and virtually tested solutions is growing in importance since…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Stefano Arrigoni , Simone Mentasti , Federico Cheli , Matteo Matteucci , Francesco Braghin
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