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In future 6G communication systems, large-scale antenna arrays promise enhanced signal strength and spatial resolution, but they also increase the complexity of beam training. Moreover, as antenna counts grow and carrier wavelengths shrink,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ran Li , Ziyi Xu , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems rely on narrow beams for achieving sufficient receive signal power. Adjusting these beams is typically associated with large training overhead, which becomes particularly critical for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-09 João Morais , Arash Behboodi , Hamed Pezeshki , Ahmed Alkhateeb

Supporting high mobility in millimeter wave (mmWave) systems enables a wide range of important applications such as vehicular communications and wireless virtual/augmented reality. Realizing this in practice, though, requires overcoming…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Ahmed Alkhateeb , Sam Alex , Paul Varkey , Ying Li , Qi Qu , Djordje Tujkovic

Communication systems at millimeter-wave (mmW) and sub-terahertz frequencies are of increasing interest for future high-data rate networks. One critical challenge faced by phased array systems at these high frequencies is the efficiency of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-18 Benjamin W. Domae , Ruifu Li , Danijela Cabric

Millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output systems employ highly directional beamforming to overcome severe path loss, and their performance critically depends on accurate beam alignment. Conventional codebook-based methods…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Weijie Jin , Jing Zhang , Hengtao He , Chao-Kai Wen , Xiao Li , Shi Jin

Millimeter wave (mmW) wireless networks are capable to support multi-gigabit data rates, by using directional communications with narrow beams. However, existing mmW communications standards are hindered by two problems: deafness and single…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-13 Hossein Shokri-Ghadikolaei , Lazaros Gkatzikis , Carlo Fischione

In millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications, directional transmission based on beamforming is important to compensate for high pathloss. To maintain the desired direction transmission gain, beam scanning that involves the transmitter sending…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-02 Huang-Chou Lin , Kuang-Hao , Liu

Millimeter wave (mmWave) and massive MIMO systems are intrinsic components of 5G and beyond. These systems rely on using beamforming codebooks for both initial access and data transmission. Current beam codebooks, however, generally consist…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-26 Muhammad Alrabeiah , Yu Zhang , Ahmed Alkhateeb

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication with large array gains is a key ingredient of next generation (5G) wireless networks. Effective communication in mmWaves usually depends on the knowledge of the channel. We refer to the problem of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Xiaoshen Song , Saeid Haghighatshoar , Giuseppe Caire

Millimeter-wave communication faces two critical challenges: propagation losses requiring costly narrow-beam alignment, and penetration losses causing link failures from blocked line-of-sight paths. We address propagation loss through a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Sachira Karunasena , Erfan Khordad , Tom Drummond , Rajitha Senanayake

Efficient millimeter wave (mmWave) beam selection in vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is a crucial yet challenging task due to the narrow mmWave beamwidth and high user mobility. To reduce the search overhead of iterative beam…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Matteo Zecchin , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Mikolaj Jankowski , Deniz Gunduz , Marios Kountouris , David Gesbert

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications have been one of the promising technologies for future wireless networks that integrate a wide range of data-demanding applications. To compensate for the large channel attenuation in mmWave band and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-13 Hengtao He , Rui Wang , Weijie Jin , Shi Jin , Chao-Kai Wen , Geoffrey Ye Li

Beamforming techniques are considered as essential parts to compensate severe path losses in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. In particular, these techniques adopt large antenna arrays and formulate narrow beams to obtain…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Muhammad Baqer Mollah , Honggang Wang , Mohammad Ataul Karim , Hua Fang

In millimeter wave cellular communication, fast and reliable beam alignment via beam training is crucial to harvest sufficient beamforming gain for the subsequent data transmission. In this paper, we establish fundamental limits in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Chunshan Liu , Min Li , Stephen V. Hanly , Iain B. Collings , Philip Whiting

Channel knowledge map (CKM), which aims to directly reflect the intrinsic channel properties of the local wireless environment, is a novel technique for achieving environmentaware communication. In this paper, to alleviate the large…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-14 Zhuoyin Dai , Di Wu , Zhenjun Dong , Kun Li , Dingyang Ding , Sihan Wang , Yong Zeng

Channel knowledge map (CKM) emerges as a promising framework to acquire location-specific channel information without consuming wireless resources, creating new horizons for advanced wireless network design and optimization. Despite its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xu Shi , Haohan Wang , Yashuai Cao , Hengyu Zhang , Sufang Yang , Jintao Wang

Beamforming techniques are considered as essential parts to compensate the severe path loss in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications by adopting large antenna arrays and formulating narrow beams to obtain satisfactory received powers.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Muhammad Baqer Mollah , Honggang Wang , Hua Fang

Future wireless networks may operate at millimeter-wave (mmW) and sub-terahertz (sub-THz) frequencies to enable high data rate requirements. While large antenna arrays are critical for reliable communications at mmW and sub-THz bands, these…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-08 Benjamin W. Domae , Veljko Boljanovic , Ruifu Li , Danijela Cabric

Millimeter wave vehicular channels exhibit structure that can be exploited for beam alignment with fewer channel measurements compared to exhaustive beam search. With fixed layouts of roadside buildings and regular vehicular moving…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Yuyang Wang , Nitin Jonathan Myers , Nuria González-Prelcic , Robert W. Heath

In extremely large-scale multiple input multiple output (XL-MIMO) systems for future sixth-generation (6G) communications, codebook-based beam training stands out as a promising technology to acquire channel state information (CSI). Despite…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Tianyue Zheng , Jieao Zhu , Qiumo Yu , Yongli Yan , Linglong Dai