Related papers: Most numbers are not normal

For any measure preserving system $(X,\mathcal{X},\mu,T)$ and $A\in\mathcal{X}$ with $\mu(A)>0$, we show that there exist infinitely many primes $p$ such that $\mu\bigl(A\cap T^{-(p-1)}A\cap T^{-2(p-1)}A\bigr) > 0$ (the same holds with…

Let $Q=(q_n)_{n=1}^{\infty}$ be a sequence of integers greater than or equal to 2. We say that a real number $x$ in $[0,1)$ is {\it $Q$-distribution normal} if the sequence $(q_1q_2... q_n x)_{n=1}^{\infty}$ is uniformly distributed mod 1.…

A symmetric subset of the reals is one that remains invariant under some reflection x --> c-x. Given 0 < x < 1, there exists a real number D(x) with the following property: if 0 < d < D(x), then every subset of [0,1] with measure x contains…

We show that for an infinitely many natural numbers $k$ there are $k$-uniform hypergraphs which admit a `rescaling phenomenon' as described in [9]. More precisely, let $\mathcal{A}(k,I, n)$ denote the class of $k$-graphs on $n$ vertices in…

In 1999, De Simone and K\"{o}rner conjectured that every graph without induced $C_5,C_7,\overline{C}_7$ contains a clique cover $\mathcal C$ and a stable set cover $\mathcal I$ such that every clique in $\mathcal C$ and every stable set in…

Denote by $\mathbb{N}$ and $\mathbb{P}$ the set of all positive integers and prime numbers, respectively. Let $\mathbb{P}=\{p_1<p_2<\dots <p_n<\dots\}$, where $p_n$ is the $n$-th prime number. For $k\in\mathbb{N}$ we recursively define…

We study the statistical properties of random numbers under the Martin-L\"of definition of randomness, proving that random numbers obey analogues of Strong Law of Large Numbers, the Law of the Iterated Logarithm, and that they are normal.…

In 1949 Wall showed that $x = 0.d_1d_2d_3 \dots$ is normal if and only if $(0.d_nd_{n+1}d_{n+2} \dots)_n$ is a uniformly distributed sequence. In this article, we consider sequences which are slight variants on this. In particular, we show…

Let $X_{1},X_{2},...$ be a sequence of independent random variables ($rv$)with common distribution function ($df$) $F$ such that $F(1)=0$ and for each $n\geq 1,$ let $X_{1,n}\leq X_{2,n}\leq ...\leq X_{n,n}$ denote the order statistics…

In 1971 Cusick proved that every real number $x\in[0,1]$ can be expressed as a sum of two continued fractions with no partial quotients equal to $1$. In other words, if we define a set $$ S(k):= \{ x\in[0,1] : a_n(x) \geq k \text{ for all }…

In \cite{SchmidtGames}, W. Schmidt proved that the set of non-normal numbers in base $b$ is a {\it winning set}. We generalize this result by proving that many sets of non-normal numbers with respect to the Cantor series expansion are…

This papers focuses on the average order of dominating sets of a graph. We find the extremal graphs for the maximum and minimum value over all graphs on $n$ vertices, while for trees we prove that the star minimizes the average order of…

Let $g \geq 2$. A real number is said to be g-normal if its base g expansion contains every finite sequence of digits with the expected limiting frequency. Let \phi denote Euler's totient function, let \sigma be the sum-of-divisors…

We consider the binomial random set model $[n]_p$ where each element in $\{1,\dots,n\}$ is chosen independently with probability $p:=p(n)$. We show that for essentially all regimes of $p$ and very general conditions for a matrix $A$ and a…

For a metrizable space $X$, we denote by $\mathrm{Met}(X)$ the space of all metric that generate the same topology of $X$. The space $\mathrm{Met}(X)$ is equipped with the supremum distance. In this paper, for every strongly…

Wall's theorem on arithmetic progressions says that if $0.a_1a_2a_3\dots$ is normal, then for any $k,\ell\in \mathbb{N}$, $0.a_ka_{k+\ell}a_{k+2\ell}\dots$ is also normal. We examine a converse statement and show that if…

We investigate one-dimensional families of diagonal forms, considering the evolution of the asymptotic formula and error term. We then discuss properties of the average asymptotic formula obtained. The subsequent second moment analysis…

For $k\ge1$, a $k$-almost prime is a positive integer with exactly $k$ prime factors, counted with multiplicity. In this article we give elementary proofs of precise asymptotics for the reciprocal sum of $k$-almost primes. Our results match…

We study the set $\mathcal{S}$ of odd positive integers $n$ with the property ${2n}/{\sigma(n)} - 1 = 1/x$, for positive integer $x$, i.e., the set that relates to odd perfect and odd "spoof perfect" numbers. As a consequence, we find that…

We prove that the Thue--Morse sequence $\mathbf t$ along subsequences indexed by $\lfloor n^c\rfloor$ is normal, where $1<c<3/2$. That is, for $c$ in this range and for each $\omega\in\{0,1\}^L$, where $L\geq 1$, the set of occurrences of…