Related papers: Most numbers are not normal

Let $\mathcal{B}(H)$ be the bounded, linear operators on a separable Hilbert space equipped with the norm topology. A property is called typical if the set of operators fulfilling the property is co-meager. We show that having non-empty…

We give metric theorems for the property of Borel normality for real numbers under the assumption of digit dependencies in their expansion in a given integer base. We quantify precisely how much digit dependence can be allowed such that,…

In the present paper we investigate two special types of non-normal numbers. On the one hand we call a number extremely non-normal if the set of accumulation points of its frequency of blocks vector is the full set of shift invariant…

In this paper, we consider non-normal numbers occurring in dynamical systems fulfilling the specification property. It has been shown that in this case the set of non-normal numbers has measure zero. In the present papers we show that a…

A real number $x$ is normal with respect to an integer base $b \geq 2$ if its digit expansion in this base is ``equitable'', in the sense that for $k \geq 1$, every ordered sequence of $k$ digits from $\{0, 1, \ldots, b-1\}$ occurs in the…

Examples are constructed of sparse subsequences of the integers for which the associated maximal averages operator is of weak type (1,1). A consequence, by transference, is that an almost everywhere L^1 -- type ergodic theorem holds for…

Suppose the edges of the complete graph on $n$ vertices are assigned a uniformly chosen random ordering. Let $X$ denote the corresponding number of Hamiltonian paths that are increasing in this ordering. It was shown in a recent paper by…

We show that the set of numbers that are $Q$-distribution normal but not simply $Q$-ratio normal has full Hausdorff dimension. It is further shown under some conditions that countable intersections of sets of this form still have full…

Let s be an integer greater than or equal to 2. A real number is simply normal to base s if in its base-s expansion every digit 0, 1, ..., s-1 occurs with the same frequency 1/s. Let X be the set of positive integers that are not perfect…

Despite the fact that almost all real numbers are absolutely normal---that is, the digits in their expansions to any base occur in all possible configurations with the expected frequency---not one specific example of an absolutely normal…

We investigate additive properties of sets $A,$ where $A=\{a_1,a_2,\ldots ,a_k\}$ is a monotone increasing set of real numbers, and the differences of consecutive elements are all distinct. It is known that $|A+B|\geq c|A||B|^{1/2}$ for any…

We report on some statistical regularity properties of greatest common divisors: for large random samples of integers, the number of coprime pairs and the average of the gcd's of those pairs are approximately normal, while the maximum of…

When $A$ and $B$ are subsets of the integers in $[1,X]$ and $[1,Y]$ respectively, with $|A| \geq \alpha X$ and $|B| \geq \beta X$, we show that the number of rational numbers expressible as $a/b$ with $(a,b)$ in $A \times B$ is $\gg (\alpha…

Let $k$ be an integer which is the difference between prime numbers infinitely often. It is known that there are infinitely many such $k$ and, in this paper, we give a new unconditional proof that these $k$ have positive density and improve…

An positive even number is said to be a Kronecker number if it can be written in infinitely many ways as the difference between two primes, and it is believed that all even numbers are Kronecker numbers. We will study the division and…

By a classical result of Weyl, for any increasing sequence $(n_k)_{k \geq 1}$ of integers the sequence of fractional parts $(\{n_k x\})_{k \geq 1}$ is uniformly distributed modulo 1 for almost all $x \in [0,1]$. Except for a few special…

We show that there are sets of integers with asymptotic density arbitrarily close to 1 in which there is no solution to the equation ab=c, with a,b,c in the set. We also consider some natural generalizations, as well as a specific numerical…

The investigation of primes in certain arithmetic sequences is one of the fundamental problems in number theory and especially, finding blocks of distinct primes has gained a lot of attention in recent years. In this context, we prove the…

In this paper we consider a linear homogeneous system of $m$ equations in $n$ unknowns with integer coefficients over the reals. Assume that the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients of each equation does not exceed $k+1$ for some…

Let s,t,m,n be positive integers such that sm=tn. Let M(m,s;n,t) be the number of m x n matrices over {0,1,2,...} with each row summing to s and each column summing to t. Equivalently, M(m,s;n,t) counts 2-way contingency tables of order m x…