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Related papers: Odd values of the Ramanujan tau function

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Let $\tau$ denote the Ramanujan tau function. One is interested in possible prime values of $\tau$ function. Since $\tau$ is multiplicative and $\tau(n)$ is odd if and only if $n$ is an odd square, we only need to consider $\tau(p^{2n})$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Sanoli Gun , Sunil L Naik

We study some arithmetic properties of the Ramanujan function $\tau(n)$, such as the largest prime divisor $P(\tau(n))$ and the number of distinct prime divisors $\omega(\tau(n))$ of $\tau(n)$ for various sequences of $n$. In particular, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florian Luca , Igor E Shparlinski

In the spirit of Lehmer's speculation that Ramanujan's tau-function never vanishes, it is natural to ask whether any given integer $\alpha$ is a value of $\tau(n)$. For odd $\alpha$, Murty, Murty, and Shorey proved that $\tau(n)\neq \alpha$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Jennifer S. Balakrishnan , Ken Ono , Wei-Lun Tsai

Lehmer conjectured that Ramanujan's tau function never vanishes. As a variation of this conjecture, it is proved that \begin{equation*} \tau(n)\neq \pm \ell, \pm 2\ell, \pm 2\ell^2, \end{equation*} where $\ell<100$ is an odd prime, by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Akihiro Goto

This note shows that the prime values of the Ramanujan tau function $\tau(n)=\pm p$ misses every prime $p\leq 8.0\times 10^{25}$.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-25 N. A. Carella

Let $\tau(n)$ be Ramanujan's tau function, defined by the discriminant modular form \[ \Delta(z) = q\prod_{j=1}^{\infty}(1-q^{j})^{24}\ =\ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\tau(n) q^n \,,q=e^{2\pi i z} \] (this is the unique holomorphic normalized…

A natural variant of Lehmer's conjecture that the Ramanujan $\tau$-function never vanishes asks whether, for any given integer $\alpha$, there exist any $n \in \mathbb{Z}^+$ such that $\tau(n) = \alpha$. A series of recent papers excludes…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-20 Kaya Lakein , Anne Larsen

In this paper, for a positive integer $n\ge 1$, we look at the size and prime factors of the iterates of the Ramanujan $\tau$ function applied to $n$.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Florian Luca , Sibusiso Mabaso , Pantelimon Stanica

In the spirit of Lehmer's unresolved speculation on the nonvanishing of Ramanujan's tau-function, it is natural to ask whether a fixed integer is a value of $\tau(n)$ or is a Fourier coefficient $a_f(n)$ of any given newform $f(z)$. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Jennifer S. Balakrishnan , William Craig , Ken Ono , Wei-Lun Tsai

Towards the end of his life Ramanujan wrote a manuscript on properties of the partition and tau functions, some parts of which remained unpublished until very recently. Nevertheless, this manuscript gave rise to a lot of subsequent work. In…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Pieter Moree

Let \tau(.) be the Ramanujan \tau-function, and let k be a positive integer such that \tau(n) is not 0 for n=1,...,[k/2]. (This is known to be true for k < 10^{23}, and, conjecturally, for all k.) Further, let s be a permutation of the set…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Yuri Bilu , Jean-Marc Deshouillers , Sanoli Gun , Florian Luca

Lehmer conjectured that Ramanujan's tau-function never vanishes. In a related direction, a folklore conjecture asserts that infinitely many primes arise as absolute values of Ramanujan's tau-function. Recently, Xiong showed that these prime…

Ramanujan showed that $\tau(p) \equiv p^{11}+1 \pmod{691}$, where $\tau(n)$ is the $n$-th Fourier coefficient of the unique normalized cusp form of weight $12$ and full level, and the prime $691$ appears in the numerator of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-07 Ellise Parnoff , A. Raghuram

We study the prime values of Ramanujan's tau function $\tau(n)$. Lehmer found that $n=251^2=63001$ is the smallest $n$ such that $\tau(n)$ is prime: $$\tau(251^2)=-80561663527802406257321747.$$ We prove that in most arithmetic progressions…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Boyuan Xiong

The well-known Hardy--Ramanujan inequality states that if $\omega(n)$ denotes the number of distinct prime factors of a positive integer $n$, then there is an absolute constant $C>0$ such that uniformly for $x\ge2$ and $k\in\mathbb{N}$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Steve Fan

We consider natural variants of Lehmer's unresolved conjecture that Ramanujan's tau-function never vanishes. Namely, for $n>1$ we prove that $$\tau(n)\not \in \{\pm 1, \pm 3, \pm 5, \pm 7, \pm 691\}.$$ This result is an example of general…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-22 Jennifer S. Balakrishnan , William Craig , Ken Ono

Let $\tau(n)$ be the Ramanujan $\tau$-function. We prove that for any integer $N$ the diophantine equation $$ \sum_{i=1}^{74000}\tau(n_i)=N $$ has a solution in positive integers $n_1, n_2,..., n_{74000}$ satisfying the condition $$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Z. Garaev , V. C. Garcia , S. V. Konyagin

In this paper we prove Lehmer's conjecture on Ramanujan's tau function, namely tau(n) not equal to zero for n >= 1 by investigating the additive group structure attached to tau(n) with the aid of the pigeonhole principle and unique…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-20 Will Y. Lee

In this paper we attempt to prove Lehmer's conjecture on Ramanujan's tau function, namely tau(n) is never zero, for each n larger than zero by investigating the additive group structure attached to tau(n) with the aid of unique…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-21 Will Y. Lee

We consider several old problems involving the number of prime divisors function $\omega(n)$, as well as the related functions $\Omega(n)$ and $\tau(n)$. Firstly, we show that there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Terence Tao , Joni Teräväinen
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