Related papers: Specializing Trees with Small Approximations I
We construct here an iterative evaluation of all PR map codes: progress of this iteration is measured by descending complexity within "Ordinal" O := N[\omega] of polynomials in one indeterminate, ordered lexicographically. Non-infinit…
A graph is $\alpha$-excellent if every vertex of the graph is contained in some maximum independent set of the graph. In this paper, we present two characterizations of the $\alpha$-excellent $2$-trees.
The theorem of factorisation forests shows the existence of nested factorisations -- a la Ramsey -- for finite words. This theorem has important applications in semigroup theory, and beyond. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the…
We prove almost sure convergence of the maximum degree in an evolving tree model combining local choice and preferential attachment. At each step in the growth of the graph, a new vertex is introduced. A fixed, finite number of possible…
We define the $\aleph_{1.5}$ chain condition. The corresponding forcing axiom is a generalization of Martin's Axiom and implies certain uniform failures of club--guessing on $\omega_1$ that don't seem to have been considered in the…
Let s(A) denote the number of automorphisms of a model A of power omega_1. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of trees for the existence of an A with omega_1 < s(A) < 2^{omega_1}. We study the sufficiency of some…
We solve a conjecture by Becker et al. (arXiv:2404.05963) on the topic of zero forcing regarding the number of minimal forts of a tree. They conjectured and we prove $\mathcal{F}_{T_n} \le \binom{n}{2} \mathcal{F}_{P_n}$ where…
We show that every connected graph can be approximated by a normal tree, up to some arbitrarily small error phrased in terms of neighbourhoods around its ends. The existence of such approximate normal trees has consequences of both…
We construct the first example of a finitely generated group which has Serre's property (FA) (i.e., whenever it acts on a simplicial tree it fixes a vertex), but admits a fixed point-free action on an $\mathbb{R}$-tree with finite arc…
It is a classical result that any finite tree with positively weighted edges, and without vertices of degree 2, is uniquely determined by the weighted path distance between each pair of leaves. Moreover, it is possible for a (small) strict…
We investigate the structure of trees that have greatest maximum eigenvalue among all trees with a given degree sequence. We show that in such an extremal tree the degree sequence is non-increasing with respect to an ordering of the…
We introduce a model of evolving preferential attachment trees where vertices are assigned weights, and the evolution of a vertex depends not only on its own weight, but also on the weights of its neighbours. We study the distribution of…
We show that it is consistent, relative to $\omega$ many supercompact cardinals, that the super tree property holds at $\aleph_n$ for all $2 \leq n < \omega$ but there are weak square and a very good scale at $\aleph_{\omega}$.
We study cohabitation of the poset $P_S$ shooting a club through a given stationary subset $S$ of $\omega _1$ with finite conditions with other forcings. Sample results: (1) $P_S$ "sometimes" preserves presaturatedness of $NS_{\omega _1}$…
We further develop a forcing notion known as Coding with Perfect Trees and show that this poset preserves, in a strong sense, definable $P$-points, definable tight MAD families and definable selective independent families. As a result, we…
For $f,g\in\omega\ho$ let $\mycfa_{f,g}$ be the minimal number of uniform $g$-splitting trees needed to cover the uniform $f$-splitting tree, i.e. for every branch $\nu$ of the $f$-tree, one of the $g$-trees contains $\nu$. $\myc_{f,g}$ is…
We consider a regular $n$-ary tree of height $h$, for which every vertex except the root is labelled with an independent and identically distributed continuous random variable. Taking motivation from a question in evolutionary biology, we…
K\"onig's lemma is a fundamental result about trees with countless applications in mathematics and computer science. In contrapositive form, it states that if a tree is finitely branching and well-founded (i.e. has no infinite paths), then…
Let $E\supseteq F$ be a field extension and $M$ a graded Lie algebra of maximal class over $E$. We investigate the $F$-subalgebras $L$ of $M$, generated by elements of degree $1$. We provide conditions for $L$ being either ideally…
The Proper Forcing Axiom implies all automorphisms of every Calkin algebra associated with an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space and the ideal of compact operators are inner. As a means of the proof we introduce the notion of Polish…