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Attribution methods are among the most prevalent techniques in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and are usually evaluated and compared using Fidelity metrics, with Insertion and Deletion being the most popular. These metrics rely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Agustin Martin Picard , Thibaut Boissin , Varshini Subhash , Rémi Cadène , Thomas Fel

Data attribution methods play a crucial role in understanding machine learning models, providing insight into which training data points are most responsible for model outputs during deployment. However, current state-of-the-art approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Vasu Singla , Pedro Sandoval-Segura , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Deep neural networks have gained momentum based on their accuracy, but their interpretability is often criticised. As a result, they are labelled as black boxes. In response, several methods have been proposed in the literature to explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Cosimo Izzo , Aldo Lipani , Ramin Okhrati , Francesca Medda

In recent years, neural networks have demonstrated their remarkable ability to discern intricate patterns and relationships from raw data. However, understanding the inner workings of these black box models remains challenging, yet crucial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-18 Niklas Koenen , Marvin N. Wright

Interpretability is an important area of research for safe deployment of machine learning systems. One particular type of interpretability method attributes model decisions to input features. Despite active development, quantitative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Mengjiao Yang , Been Kim

In recent years, deep neural networks have showcased their predictive power across a variety of tasks. Beyond natural language processing, the transformer architecture has proven efficient in addressing tabular data problems and challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Anton Thielmann , Arik Reuter , Benjamin Saefken

Data-trained predictive models see widespread use, but for the most part they are used as black boxes which output a prediction or score. It is therefore hard to acquire a deeper understanding of model behavior, and in particular how…

Given the broad adoption of artificial intelligence, it is essential to provide evidence that AI models are reliable, trustable, and fair. To this end, the emerging field of eXplainable AI develops techniques to probe such requirements,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Cristian Morasso , Giorgio Dolci , Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo , Sergey M. Plis , Gloria Menegaz

Attribution maps are one of the most established tools to explain the functioning of computer vision models. They assign importance scores to input features, indicating how relevant each feature is for the prediction of a deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Robin Hesse , Simone Schaub-Meyer , Stefan Roth

As an effective approach to quantify how training samples influence test sample, data attribution is crucial for understanding data and model and further enhance the transparency of machine learning models. We find that prevailing data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Linxiao Yang , Xinyu Gu , Liang Sun

Feature attribution explains neural network outputs by identifying relevant input features. The attribution has to be faithful, meaning that the attributed features must mirror the input features that influence the output. One recent trend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yang Zhang , Yawei Li , Hannah Brown , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl , Philip Torr , Ashkan Khakzar , Kenji Kawaguchi

One principal approach for illuminating a black-box neural network is feature attribution, i.e. identifying the importance of input features for the network's prediction. The predictive information of features is recently proposed as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Yang Zhang , Ashkan Khakzar , Yawei Li , Azade Farshad , Seong Tae Kim , Nassir Navab

In the last decade neural network have made huge impact both in industry and research due to their ability to extract meaningful features from imprecise or complex data, and by achieving super human performance in several domains. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Dominique Mercier , Jwalin Bhatt , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

NLP practitioners often want to take existing trained models and apply them to data from new domains. While fine-tuning or few-shot learning can be used to adapt a base model, there is no single recipe for making these techniques work;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Xi Ye , Greg Durrett

Deep neural networks are often considered opaque systems, prompting the need for explainability methods to improve trust and accountability. Existing approaches typically attribute test-time predictions either to input features (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aziz Bacha , Thomas George

Feature attribution methods are popular in interpretable machine learning. These methods compute the attribution of each input feature to represent its importance, but there is no consensus on the definition of "attribution", leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Yilun Zhou , Serena Booth , Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Julie Shah

Feature attribution methods, which explain an individual prediction made by a model as a sum of attributions for each input feature, are an essential tool for understanding the behavior of complex deep learning models. However, ensuring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ethan Weinberger , Joseph Janizek , Su-In Lee

Attribution methods have been shown as promising approaches for identifying key features that led to learned model predictions. While most existing attribution methods rely on a baseline input for performing feature perturbations, limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Sheng-Min Shih , Pin-Ju Tien , Zohar Karnin

Understanding how changes in explanatory features affect the unconditional distribution of the outcome is important in many applications. However, existing black-box predictive models are not readily suited for analyzing such questions. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-10 Jing Zhou , Chunlin Li

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been applied successfully in many fields. However, such deep neural models are still regarded as black box in most tasks. One of the fundamental issues underlying this problem is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Dawei Dai , Yutang Li , Huanan Bao , Sy Xia , Guoyin Wang , Xiaoli Ma
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