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Using survey data, we have re-evaluated the correlation of flat spectrum radio sources with EGRET sources in the Northern sky. A likelihood analysis incorporating the radio and X-ray properties and the Gamma-ray source localization is used…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 David Sowards-Emmerd , Roger W. Romani , Peter F. Michelson

The uncharted territory of the high-redshift ($z\gtrsim3$) Universe holds the key to understand the evolution of quasars. In an attempt to identify the most extreme members of the quasar population, i.e., blazars, we have carried out a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-22 Vaidehi S. Paliya , M. Ajello , H. -M. Cao , M. Giroletti , Amanpreet Kaur , Greg Madejski , Benoit Lott , D. Hartmann

Blazars are a peculiar class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that enlighten the sky at all wavelengths. The electromagnetic emission of these sources is jet-dominated resulting in a spectral energy distribution (SED) that has a typical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-29 Riccardo Middei , Paolo Giommi , Matteo Perri , Sara Turriziani , Narek Sahakyan , Y. L. Chang , C. Leto , F. Verrecchia

The Fermi-LAT DR1 and DR2 4FGL catalogues feature more than 5000 gamma-ray sources of which about one fourth are not associated with already known objects, and approximately one third are associated with blazars of uncertain nature. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-30 S. Germani , G. Tosti , . Lubrano , S. Cutini , I. Mereu , A. Berretta

During its first four years of scientific observations, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) detected 3033 $\gamma$-ray sources above a 4$\sigma$ significance level. Although most of the extra-Galactic sources are active galactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-15 G. La Mura , G. Chiaro , S. Ciroi , P. Rafanelli , D. Salvetti , M. Berton , V. Cracco

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets are the most powerful persistent astrophysical sources of electromagnetic radiation in the Universe. Blazars are the most extreme subclass of AGN with jets directed along the line of sight…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-19 Foteini Oikonomou

With their emission mainly coming from a relativistic jet pointing towards us, blazars are fundamental sources to study extragalactic jets and their central engines, consisting of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) fed by accretion discs.…

The recently published fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope source catalog (4FGL) reports 5065 gamma-ray sources in terms of direct observational gamma-ray properties. Among the sources, the largest population is the Active Galactic Nuclei…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Shi-Ju Kang , Enze Li , Wujing Ou , Kerui Zhu , Jun-Hui Fan , Qingwen Wu , Yue Yin

The Fermi fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) data release 3 (4LAC-DR3) contains 3407 AGNs, out of which 755 are flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 1379 are BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs), 1208 are blazars of unknown (BCUs)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-12 Aditi Agarwal

In recent years, blazar surveys at radio and X-ray energies have greatly increased our understanding of this type of active galaxy. The combination of multi-wavelength data has shown that blazars follow a well defined sequence in terms of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. de la Calle Perez

The discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube kicked off a new line of research to identify the electromagnetic counterparts producing these neutrinos. Among the extragalactic sources, active galactic nuclei (AGN), and in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-13 C. Righi , F. Tavecchio , L. Pacciani

Beppo}SAX contributed substantially to our understanding of the physics of blazars. This has been made possible mainly by its wide energy range and especially by its high energy detector. Together with the information coming from still…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Gabriele Ghisellini

Context. Although Blazars are a small fraction of the overall AGN population they are expected to be the dominant population of extragalactic sources in the hard X-ray and gamma-ray bands and have been shown to be the largest contaminant of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Turriziani , E. Cavazzuti , P. Giommi

The overall spectra (SED) of blazars, from radio to gamma-ray energies, seem to obey well defined trends, with a continuity of properties between blazars of different classes. To quantify this statement we can either investigate their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gabriele Ghisellini

We present a milliarcsecond-resolution radio survey of 17 high-redshift (4 < z < 5.4) blazar candidates observed with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network at 5 GHz. The primary objective of this study was to…

Context. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star forming galaxies (SFGs) are the primary sources of extragalactic radio sky. But it is difficult to distinguish the radio emission produced by AGNs from that by SFGs, especially when the radio…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-17 Xu-Liang Fan , Jie Li

Studying unidentified {\gamma}-ray sources is important as they may hide new discoveries. We conducted a multiwavelength analysis of 13 unidentified Fermi-LAT sources in the 3FGL catalog that have no known counterparts (Unidentified…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-14 Jean Damascène Mbarubucyeye , Felicia Krauß , Pheneas Nkundabakura

The deepest all-sky survey available in the $\gamma$-ray band - the last release of the Fermi-LAT catalogue (4FGL-DR3) based on the data accumulated in 12 years, contains more than 6600 sources. The largest population among the sources is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-28 N. Sahakyan , V. Vardanyan , M. Khachatryan

We collect data from the radio to the gamma-ray range for three complete samples of blazars: the Slew Survey and the 1Jy samples of BL Lacs and the 2Jy sample of Flat Spectrum Radio-Loud Quasars (FSRQs). The fraction of objects detected in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 G. Fossati , L. Maraschi , A. Celotti , A. Comastri , G. Ghisellini

The use of Bayesian neural networks is a novel approach for the classification of gamma-ray sources. We focus on the classification of Fermi-LAT blazar candidates, which can be divided into BL Lacertae objects and Flat Spectrum Radio…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-13 Anja Butter , Thorben Finke , Felicitas Keil , Michael Krämer , Silvia Manconi