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We show that there exists an uniformly recurrent infinite word whose set of factors is closed under reversal and which has only finitely many palindromic factors.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-03-16 Jean Berstel , Luc Boasson , Olivier Carton , Isabelle Fagnot

We introduce a variant of de Bruijn words that we call perfect necklaces. Fix a finite alphabet. Recall that a word is a finite sequence of symbols in the alphabet and a circular word, or necklace, is the equivalence class of a word under…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-01 Nicolás Álvarez , Verónica Becher , Pablo A. Ferrari , Sergio A. Yuhjtman

It is proved that, in certain subgroups of direct products of countable groups, the property of being an unconditionally closed set coincides with that of being an algebraic set. In particular, these properties coincide in all Abelian…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ol'ga V. Sipacheva

G. Rauzy showed that the Tribonacci minimal subshift generated by the morphism $\tau: 0\mapsto 01, 1\mapsto 02 and 2\mapsto 0$ is measure-theoretically conjugate to an exchange of three fractal domains on a compact set in $R^2$, each domain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-05-17 Gwénaël Richomme , Kalle Saari , Luca Q. Zamboni

Recently the second two authors characterized quasiperiodic Sturmian words, proving that a Sturmian word is non-quasiperiodic if and only if it is an infinite Lyndon word. Here we extend this study to episturmian words (a natural…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Florence Levé , Gwénaël Richomme

For a positive integer $k$, a group $G$ is said to be totally $k$-closed if in each of its faithful permutation representations, say on a set $\Omega$, $G$ is the largest subgroup of $\operatorname{Sym}(\Omega)$ which leaves invariant each…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-15 Dmitry Churikov , Cheryl E. Praeger

The binomial notation (w u) represents the number of occurrences of the word u as a (scattered) subword in w. We first introduce and study possible uses of a geometrical interpretation of (w ab) and (w ba) when a and b are distinct letters.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Gwenaël Richomme

It was recently proven that all free and many virtually free verbally closed subgroups are algebraically closed in any group. We establish sufficient conditions for a group that is an extension of a free non-abelian group by a group…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-19 Andrey M. Mazhuga

In 2006 T. Brown asked the following question: Given a non-periodic infinite word $x=x_1x_2x_3\cdots$ with values in a non-empty set $\mathbb{A},$ does there exist a finite coloring $\varphi: \mathbb{A}^+\rightarrow C$ relative to which $x$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-22 Caïus Wojcik , Luca Q. Zamboni

We show that if the Sch\"{u}tzenberger graph of every positive word, that contains an $R$-word only once as it's subword, is finite over an Adain presentation $\langle X|u=v\rangle$, then the Sch\"{u}tzenberger graph of every positive word…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-14 Muhammad Inam

We show that the 2-abelian complexity of the infinite Thue-Morse word is 2-regular, and other properties of the 2-abelian complexity, most notably that it is a concatenation of palindromes of increasing length. We also show sharp bounds for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Florian Greinecker

Given a positive integer $N$ and $x$ irrational between zero and one, an $N$-continued fraction expansion of $x$ is defined analogously to the classical continued fraction expansion, but with the numerators being all equal to $N$. Inspired…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-15 Niels Langeveld , Lucía Rossi , Jörg M. Thuswaldner

Occurrences of a factor $w$ in an infinite uniformly recurrent sequence ${\bf u}$ can be encoded by an infinite sequence over a finite alphabet. This sequence is usually denoted ${\bf d_{\bf u}}(w)$ and called the derived sequence to $w$ in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-08-30 Edita Pelantová , Štěpán Starosta

We study the lexicographically least infinite $a/b$-power-free word on the alphabet of non-negative integers. Frequently this word is a fixed point of a uniform morphism, or closely related to one. For example, the lexicographically least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-04 Lara Pudwell , Eric Rowland

We study the problem of modeling a binary operation that satisfies some algebraic requirements. We first construct a neural network architecture for Abelian group operations and derive a universal approximation property. Then, we extend it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Kenshin Abe , Takanori Maehara , Issei Sato

Constantinescu and Ilie (Bulletin EATCS 89, 167--170, 2006) introduced the notion of an \emph{Abelian period} of a word. A word of length $n$ over an alphabet of size $\sigma$ can have $\Theta(n^{2})$ distinct Abelian periods. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-12-05 Gabriele Fici , Thierry Lecroq , Arnaud Lefebvre , Elise Prieur-Gaston

Bell and Shallit recently introduced the Lie complexity of an infinite word $s$ as the function counting for each length the number of conjugacy classes of words whose elements are all factors of $s$. They proved, using algebraic…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Alessandro De Luca , Gabriele Fici

By a result of Noritzsch, a finite solvable group whose non-linear character degrees have the same set of prime divisors is meta-abelian. In this note we investigate finite non-solvable groups whose non-linear character degrees have the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Junying Guo , Yanjun Liu , Ziyi Wu , Di Xiao

Universal Cycles, or U-cycles, as originally defined by de Bruijn, are an efficient method to exhibit a large class of combinatorial objects in a compressed fashion, and with no repeats. de Bruijn's theorem states that U-cycles for $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-15 Michelle Champlin , Anant Godbole , Beverly Tomlinson

A word contains a \emph{half-flip} if it contains non-empty factors $uv$ and $vu$ where $|u|=|v|$. Fici reports a non-constructive proof of the existence of an infinite word over a finite alphabet avoiding half-flips and asks for the size…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Pascal Ochem