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It has been shown that in larger than four space-time dimensions, soft factors that relate the amplitudes with a soft photon or graviton to amplitudes without the soft particle also determine the low frequency radiative part of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-14 Alok Laddha , Ashoke Sen

The factorization of soft and ultrasoft gluons from collinear particles is shown at the level of operators in an effective field theory. Exclusive hadronic factorization and inclusive partonic factorization follow as special cases. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Christian W. Bauer , Dan Pirjol , Iain W. Stewart

The soft factorization theorem for 4D abelian gauge theory states that the $\mathcal{S}$-matrix factorizes into soft and hard parts, with the universal soft part containing all soft and collinear poles. Similarly, correlation functions on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-04-04 Anjalika Nande , Monica Pate , Andrew Strominger

In a previous article, we have argued that Low's sub-leading soft photon theorem can be recovered as a Ward identity associated to the same large gauge transformations that control the leading piece of the theorem. The key for that was to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-12 Eduardo Conde , Pujian Mao

We elaborate on the radiative behaviour of tree-level scattering amplitudes in the soft regime. We show that the sub-leading soft term in single-gluon emission of quark-gluon amplitudes in QCD is controlled by differential operators, whose…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-23 Hui Luo , Pierpaolo Mastrolia , William J. Torres Bobadilla

Soft behaviour of closed string amplitudes involving dilatons, gravitons and anti-symmetric tensors, is studied in the framework of bosonic string theory. The leading double soft limit of gluons is analysed as well, starting from scattering…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-03 Paolo Di Vecchia , Raffaele Marotta , Matin Mojaza

In this letter we show that the soft behaviour of photons and graviton amplitudes, after projection, can be determined to infinite order in soft expansion via ordinary on-shell gauge invariance. In particular, as one of the particle's…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-15 Zhi-Zhong Li , Hung-Hwa Lin , Shun-Qing Zhang

We provide a precise statement of hard-soft-collinear factorization of scattering amplitudes and prove it to all orders in perturbation theory. Factorization is formulated as the equality at leading power of scattering amplitudes in QCD…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-09 Ilya Feige , Matthew D. Schwartz

We consider soft electrons in massless QED at tree-level. The emission amplitude at leading order in the soft electron energy factorizes in a way similar to the soft photon case. We recast the soft electron factorization formula as a Ward…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-24 Adrián Agriela , Miguel Campiglia

Superstring field theory gives expressions for heterotic and type II string loop amplitudes that are free from ultraviolet and infrared divergences when the number of non-compact space-time dimensions is five or more. We prove the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-17 Ashoke Sen

Soft factorization theorems can be reinterpreted as Ward identities for (asymptotic) symmetries of scattering amplitudes in asymptotically flat space-time. In this paper we study the symmetries implied by the all loop soft photon theorems…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-11 Shamik Banerjee , Raju Mandal , Biswajit Sahoo

Factorization theorems play a crucial role in our understanding of the strong interaction. For collider processes they are typically formulated at leading power and much less is known about power corrections in the $\lambda\ll 1$ expansion.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-05-09 Cyuan-Han Chang , Iain W. Stewart , Gherardo Vita

The CHY formula which describes an $n$-point tree level scattering amplitude for scalars, gluons or gravitons in arbitrary dimension [22], is used to prove the sub-sub-leading soft- graviton theorem recently proposed by Cachazo and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-05-30 Michael Zlotnikov

We compute the tree-level current for the emission of a soft quark-antiquark pair in association with a gluon. This soft current is the last missing ingredient to understand the infrared singularities that can arise in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-02-01 Vittorio Del Duca , Claude Duhr , Rayan Haindl , Zhengwen Liu

We study the soft theorems for photons and gravitons at finite temperatures using the thermofield dynamics approach. The soft factors lose universality at finite temperatures as the soft amplitudes depend on the nature (or spin) of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-09 Divyesh N. Solanki , Srijit Bhattacharjee

It is by now well known that, at subleading power in scale ratios, factorization theorems for high-energy cross sections and decay amplitudes contain endpoint-divergent convolution integrals. The presence of these divergences hints at a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-04-06 Ze Long Liu , Matthias Neubert

We show that the distributional nature of soft theorems requires the soft limit expansion to take priority over the regulator expansion of Feynman loop integrals. We start the study of soft graviton theorems at loop level from this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-07-02 Freddy Cachazo , Ellis Ye Yuan

We show that the form of the recently proposed subleading soft graviton and gluon theorems in any dimension are severely constrained by elementary arguments based on Poincar\'e and gauge invariance as well as a self-consistency condition…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-24 Johannes Broedel , Marius de Leeuw , Jan Plefka , Matteo Rosso

In this note we study tree-level scattering amplitudes of gravitons under a natural deformation which in the large $z$ limit can be interpreted either as a $k$-hard-particle limit or as a $(n-k)$-soft-particle limit. When $k=2$ this becomes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-02 Freddy Cachazo , Pablo Leon

We review the origin of soft supersymmetry-breaking terms in N=1 supergravity models of particle physics. We first consider general formulae for those terms in general models with a hidden sector breaking supersymmetry at an intermediate…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-03 A. Brignole , L. E. Ibañez , C. Muñoz