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Proper modeling of inverter-based microgrids is crucial for accurate assessment of stability boundaries. It has been recently realized that the stability conditions for such microgrids are significantly different from those known for large-…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Petr Vorobev , Po-Hsu Huang , Mohamed Al Hosani , James L. Kirtley , Konstantin Turitsyn

A distributed controller for secondary control problems in microgrids with grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) is developed. The controller is based on distributed optimization and is synthesized and implemented…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Vivek Khatana , Soham Chakraborty , Murti V. Salapaka

The energy mix of future power systems will include high shares of wind power and solar PV. These generation facilities are generally connected via power-electronic inverters. While conventional generation responds dynamically to the state…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-31 Philipp C. Böttcher , Leonardo Rydin Gorjão , Dirk Witthaut

We propose a decentralized control synthesis procedure for stabilizing voltage and frequency in AC Islanded microGrids (ImGs) composed of Distributed Generation Units (DGUs) and loads interconnected through power lines. The presented…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Michele Tucci , Giancarlo Ferrari Trecate

With the increasing interest in converter-fed islanded microgrids, particularly for resilience, it is becoming more critical to understand the dynamical behavior of these systems. This paper takes a holistic view of grid-forming converters…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-05 Ciaran Roberts , Jose Daniel Lara , Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba , Bala Kameshwar Poolla , Duncan S. Callaway

Inverter-based microgrids are an important technology for sustainable electrical power systems and typically use droop-controlled grid-forming inverters to interface distributed energy resources to the network and control the voltage and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-12 Yemi Ojo , Jeremy Watson , Ioannis Lestas

Motivated by the recent and growing interest in smart grid technology, we study the operation of DC/AC inverters in an inductive microgrid. We show that a network of loads and DC/AC inverters equipped with power-frequency droop controllers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 John W. Simpson-Porco , Florian Dörfler , Francesco Bullo

The electrical grid is evolving from a network consisting of mostly synchronous machines to a mixture of synchronous machines and inverter-based resources such as wind, solar, and energy storage. This transformation has led to a decrease in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

Appropriate control of high penetration renewable energies in power systems requires a complete modeling of the system. In this paper, a comprehensive state space modeling of voltage source inverters, networks and loads are studied. We have…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-25 Ali Dehghan Banadaki , Farideh Doost Mohammadi , Ali Feliachi

Smart inverters have been advocated as a fast-responding mechanism for voltage regulation in distribution grids. Nevertheless, optimal inverter coordination can be computationally demanding, and preset local control rules are known to be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-26 Mana Jalali , Vassilis Kekatos , Nikolaos Gatsis , Deepjyoti Deka

This paper develops a novel framework for power system stability analysis, that allows for the decentralized design of inverter based controllers. The method requires that each individual inverter satisfies a standard $H^\infty$ design…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

Grid-forming inverters control the power transfer between the AC and DC sides of an electrical grid while maintaining the frequency and voltage of the AC side. This paper focuses on ensuring large-signal stability of an electrical grid with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Jared Miller , Maitraya Avadhut Desai , Xiuqiang He , Roy S. Smith , Gabriela Hug

A microgrid is a new concept that has changed the power systems dramatically. It is a combination of Distributed Generation Resources (DGR) like Biomass, PV systems, Wind energy, Fuel cell, Diesel Generator, and so on with different types…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-01 Khodakhast Nasirian , Hadi Taheri

In this paper, we propose a novel four-stage distributed controller for a DC microgrid that achieves power sharing and average voltage regulation for the voltages at actuated and unactuated buses. The controller is presented for a DC…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-01 Albertus Johannes Malan , Pol Jané-Soniera , Felix Strehle , Sören Hohmann

Advanced microgrids consisting of distributed energy resources interfaced with multi-inverter systems are becoming more common. Consequently, the effectiveness of voltage and frequency regulation in microgrids using conventional droop-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Sourav Patel , Soham Chakraborty , Blake Lundstrom , Srinivasa Salapaka , Murti V. Salapaka

We consider the problem of designing learning-based reactive power controllers that perform voltage regulation in distribution grids while ensuring closed-loop system stability. In contrast to existing methods, where the provably stable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Zhenyi Yuan , Jie Feng , Yuanyuan Shi , Jorge Cortés

An islanded microgrid supplied by multiple distributed energy resources (DERs) often employs droop-control mechanisms for power sharing. Because microgrids do not include inertial elements, and low pass filtering of noisy measurements…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-05 Abdullah Al Maruf , Mohammad Ostadijafari , Anamika Dubey , Sandip Roy

This paper presents a robust secondary control strategy for frequency synchronization and active power sharing for inverter-based microgrids. The problem is addressed in a multi-agent fashion where the local controllers of the distributed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-27 Milad Gholami , Gianni Bianchini , Antonio Vicino

We propose a decentralized framework to analytically guarantee the small-signal stability of future power systems with grid-forming converters. Our approach leverages dynamic loop-shifting techniques to compensate for the lack of passivity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Verena Häberle , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Florian Dörfler , Steven Low

Grid-connected inverters are required to operate stably under a wide range of grid conditions. However, conventional grid-following (GFL) control may suffer from instability under weak-grid conditions, while grid-forming (GFM) control may…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Zirui Wang , Yitong Li , Quanchi Wu , Jinjun Liu