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When the Debye length is not resolved in a simulation using the most common particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm, the plasma will unphysically heat until the Debye length becomes resolved via a phenomenon known as grid heating. This article…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Luke C Adams , Gregory R Werner , John R Cary

The recently developed energy conserving semi-implicit method (ECsim) for PIC simulation is applied to multiple scale problems where the electron-scale physics needs to be only partially retained and the interest is on the macroscopic or…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Giovanni Lapenta , Diego Gonzalez-Herrero , Elisabetta Boella

A two-dimensional particle-in-cell code for simulation of low-frequency electromagnetic processes in laboratory plasmas has been developed. The code uses the Darwin method omitting the electromagnetic wave propagation. The Darwin method…

Reduced-order particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme is a novel modeling approach that enables computationally efficient electrostatic kinetic simulations of plasma. In our previous publications, we demonstrated the potentials of a preliminary…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-08-30 Maryam Reza , Farbod Faraji , Aaron Knoll

The traditional explicit electrostatic momentum-conserving Particle-in-cell algorithm requires strict resolution of the electron Debye length to deliver numerical accuracy. The explicit electrostatic energy-conserving Particle-in-Cell…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-08-31 Andrew T. Powis , Igor D. Kaganovich

In order to perform physically faithful particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, the Gauss's law stands as a critical requirement, since its violation often leads to catastrophic errors in long-term plasma simulations. This work proposes a novel…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Zhonghua Qiao , Zhenli Xu , Qian Yin , Shenggao Zhou

A novel adaptive technique for electromagnetic Particle In Cell (PIC) plasma simulations is presented here. Two main issues are identified in designing adaptive techniques for PIC simulation: first, the choice of the size of the particle…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 M. E. Innocenti , G. Lapenta , S. Markidis , A. Beck , A. Vapirev

We carry out Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations to study the instabilities associated with a 2-D sheared electron flow configuration against a neutralizing background of ions. Both weak and strong relativistic flow velocities are…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Chandrasekhar Shukla , Amita Das , Kartik Patel

A Particle-in-Cell (PIC) numerical simulation of the electron Weibel instability is applied in a frame of Darwin (radiationless) approximation of the self-consistent fields of sparse plasma. As a result, we were able to supplement the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2010-06-29 L. V. Borodachev , D. O. Kolomiets

The propagation and absorption of electromagnetic waves in plasma is one of the fundamental issues in plasma physics. The electromagnetic particle-in-cell method with the finite-difference time-domain solver plus Monte Carlo collision model…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Fei Du , Yize Yan , Jingfeng Tang , Daren Yu , Yinjian Zhao

Global particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of pulsar magnetospheres are performed with a volume, surface and pair production-based plasma injection schemes to systematically investigate the transition between electrosphere and force-free…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-16 Fábio Cruz , Thomas Grismayer , Alexander Y. Chen , Anatoly Spitkovsky , Ricardo A. Fonseca , Luis O. Silva

We propose a spectral Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm that is based on the combination of a Hankel transform and a Fourier transform. For physical problems that have close-to-cylindrical symmetry, this algorithm can be much faster than…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Remi Lehe , Manuel Kirchen , Igor A. Andriyash , Brendan B. Godfrey , Jean-Luc Vay

The particle-in-cell (PIC) method is widely used to model the self-consistent interaction between discrete particles and electromagnetic fields. It has been successfully applied to problems across plasma physics including plasma based…

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) methods have achieved widespread recognition as simple and flexible approaches to model collisionless plasma physics in fully kinetic simulations of astrophysical environments. However, in many situations the standard…

We discuss the fundamentals of the implicit moment method for Particle In Cell (PIC) simulation as presently implemented in the CELESTE3D code. We present the method in its fully electromagnetic and fully kinetic version. The application of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2008-01-29 Giovanni Lapenta

We present a study of the standard plasma physics test, Landau damping, using the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm. The Landau damping phenomenon consists of the damping of small oscillations in plasmas without collisions. In the PIC…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 Daniel S. Finn , Matthew G. Knepley , Joseph V. Pusztay , Mark F. Adams

We report a new particle in cell (PIC) method based on the semi-implicit approach. The novelty of the new method is that unlike any of its semi-implicit predecessors at the same time retains the explicit computational cycle and conserves…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-03-08 Giovanni Lapenta

This paper deals with the numerical resolution of the Vlasov-Poissonsystem with a strong external magnetic field by Particle-In-Cell(PIC) methods. In this regime, classical PIC methods are subject tostability constraints on the time and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Francis Filbet , Luis Miguel Rodrigues

Particle-mesh methods, such as the particle-in-cell (PIC) method, cannot retain exact pairwise interaction at sub-cell scales. For dense nonneutral relativistic electron bunches, this makes it difficult to accurately capture the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Yinjian Zhao , Yibo Liang , Yanan Zhang , Xiaochun Ma , Hui Liu

This paper introduces a novel formulation of the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method for the modeling of relativistic plasmas, which leverages the ability of the Pseudo-Spectral Analytical Time-Domain solver (PSATD) to handle arbitrary time…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Olga Shapoval , Edoardo Zoni , Remi Lehe , Maxence Thevenet , Jean-Luc Vay