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We perform extensive 2D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) electromagnetic simulations of low pressure Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) discharges with various coil current and driving frequencies. Our simulations show that in low-frequency cases,…

In this paper, we present three-dimensional (3D) Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations to study the stability of 2D Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes in a magnetized plasma with a finite background magnetic field. The simulations were…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 M. T. Franciscovich , J. McClung , K. Germaschewski , C. S. Ng

The use of explicit particle-in-cell (PIC) method for relativistic plasma simulations is restricted by numerical heating and instabilities that may significantly constrain the choice of time and space steps. To partially eliminate these…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-02-12 Arkady Gonoskov

We present a 2.5-dimensional charge-conservative electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EM-PIC) algorithm optimized for the analysis of vacuum electronic devices (VED) with cylindrical symmetry (axisymmetry). We explore the axisymmetry present…

The $\delta f$ particle-in-cell algorithm has been a useful tool in studying the physics of plasmas, particularly turbulent magnetized plasmas in the context of gyrokinetics. The reduction in noise due to not having to resolve the full…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 George J. Wilkie , William Dorland

For decades, the Vlasov-Darwin model has been recognized to be attractive for particle-in-cell (PIC) kinetic plasma simulations in non-radiative electromagnetic regimes, to avoid radiative noise issues and gain computational efficiency.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacon

The particle-in-cell (PIC) method has been widely used for plasma simulation, because of its noise-reduction capability and moderate computational cost. The immersed finite element (IFE) method is efficient for solving interface problems on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-18 Jinwei Bai , Yong Cao , Yuchuan Chu , Xu Zhang

In this paper, we introduce and discuss an exactly energy-conserving Particle-in-Cell method for arbitrary curvilinear coordinates. The flexibility provided by curvilinear coordinates enables the study of plasmas in complex-shaped domains…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Joost Croonen , Luca Pezzini , Fabio Bacchini , Giovanni Lapenta

In this paper, we develop an asymptotic-preserving and energy-conserving (APEC) Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm for the Vlasov-Maxwell system. This algorithm not only guarantees that the asymptotic limiting of the discrete scheme is a…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Lijie Ji , Zhiguo Yang , Zhuoning Li , Dong Wu , Shi Jin , Zhenli Xu

We design and develop a new Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method for plasma simulations using Deep-Learning (DL) to calculate the electric field from the electron phase space. We train a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and a Convolutional Neural…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Xavier Aguilar , Stefano Markidis

Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods are frequently used for kinetic, high-fidelity simulations of plasmas. Implicit formulations of PIC algorithms feature strong conservation properties, up to numerical round-off errors, and are not subject to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 R. Kube , R. M. Churchill , B. Sturdevant

Laboratory plasmas in open magnetic geometries can be found in many different applications such as (1) Scrape-Of-Layer (SOL) and divertor regions in toroidal confinement fusion devices (\approx1-10^2\hspace{1mm}\mathrm{eV}), (2) linear…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Atul Kumar , J. F. Caneses Marin

A new Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method, that conserves energy exactly, is presented. The particle equations of motion and the Maxwell's equations are differenced implicitly in time by the midpoint rule and solved concurrently by a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Stefano Markidis , Giovanni Lapenta

A recent paper by Huang et al. [Computer Physics Communications 207, 123 (2016)] thoroughly analyzed the Finite Grid Instability(FGI) and spectral fidelity of standard Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods. Numerical experiments were carried out…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Jianyuan Xiao , Hong Qin

We introduce a Galilean electromagnetic particle-in-cell (GEM-PIC) algorithm, which transforms the full set of Maxwell equations and the Vlasov equation into the boosted coordinates. This approach preserves the electromagnetic structure of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Alexander Pukhov , Nina Elkina , Tom Wilson

We extend the recently-developed explicit, energy-conserving particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme of [1] to the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell system. As in the non-relativistic case, the method is built on an optimization problem that is…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Lee Ricketson , Jingwei Hu

We introduce an extension of the particle-in-cell (PIC) method that captures the Landau collisional effects in the Vlasov-Maxwell-Landau equations. The method arises from a regularisation of the variational formulation of the Landau…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Rafael Bailo , José A. Carrillo , Jingwei Hu

We revisit the Scovel-Weinstein framework (Scovel & Weinstein, CPAM 1994) for reducing the Vlasov-Poisson system while preserving its Hamiltonian structure. Standard particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithms approximate the distribution function by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Mandela B. Quashie , J. W. Burby , Andrew J. Christlieb , Qi Tang

Particle-in-cell merging algorithms aim to resample dynamically the six-dimensional phase space occupied by particles without distorting substantially the physical description of the system. Whereas various approaches have been proposed in…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-11-16 Marija Vranic , Thomas Grismayer , Joana L. Martins , Ricardo A. Fonseca , Luis O. Silva

We describe an initial implementation of an electrostatic Particle-in-Cell (ES-PIC) module with adaptive Cartesian mesh in our Unified Flow Solver framework. Challenges of PIC method with cell-based adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) are…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-06-22 Vladimir I Kolobov , Robert R Arslanbekov