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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rising field in AI. It aims to produce a demonstrative factor of trust, which for human subjects is achieved through communicative means, which Machine Learning (ML) algorithms cannot solely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jamie Andrew Duell

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into clinical settings presents a software engineering challenge, demanding a shift from isolated models to robust, governable, and reliable systems. However, brittle, prototype-derived…

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly finding applications in the field of medicine. Concerns have been raised about the explainability of the decisions that are made by these AI models. In this article, we give a systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Subrato Bharati , M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal , Prajoy Podder

With the increasing availability of structured and unstructured data and the swift progress of analytical techniques, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is bringing a revolution to the healthcare industry. With the increasingly indispensable role…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Devam Dave , Het Naik , Smiti Singhal , Pankesh Patel

The absence of transparency and explainability hinders the clinical adoption of Machine learning (ML) algorithms. Although various methods of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) have been suggested, there is a lack of literature that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Aida Brankovic , David Cook , Jessica Rahman , Wenjie Huang , Sankalp Khanna

AI models make mistakes when recognizing images-whether in-domain, out-of-domain, or adversarial. Predicting these errors is critical for improving system reliability, reducing costly mistakes, and enabling proactive corrections in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shuangpeng Han , Mengmi Zhang

Although "black box" models such as Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, and Ensemble Approaches continue to show superior performance in many disciplines, their adoption in the sensitive disciplines (e.g., finance,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sid Bundy , Sheikh Khaled Ghafoor

The synchronic and diachronic study of the evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) unveils one prominent fact that its effect can be traced in almost all fields such as healthcare industry. The growth is perceived holistically in…

Modeling a temporal process as if it is Markovian assumes the present encodes all of the process's history. When this occurs, the present captures all of the dependency between past and future. We recently showed that if one randomly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-03-09 Pooneh M. Ara , Ryan G. James , James P. Crutchfield

The increased capabilities of generative AI have dramatically expanded its possible use cases in medicine. We provide a comprehensive overview of generative AI use cases for clinicians, patients, clinical trial organizers, researchers, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Divya Shanmugam , Monica Agrawal , Rajiv Movva , Irene Y. Chen , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Maia Jacobs , Emma Pierson

Across healthcare, agentic artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly promoted as capable of autonomous action, yet in practice they currently operate under near-total human oversight due to safety, regulatory, and liability…

This paper critically reviews the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain technologies in the context of Medical Internet of Things (MedIoT) applications, where they collectively promise to revolutionize healthcare…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ellis Solaiman , Christa Awad

Deep learning methods have been very effective for a variety of medical diagnostic tasks and has even beaten human experts on some of those. However, the black-box nature of the algorithms has restricted clinical use. Recent explainability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Amitojdeep Singh , Sourya Sengupta , Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan

Governance opacity over AI systems shifts in kind as capability asymmetry grows, and the strongest forms defeat the disclosure-based remedies governance ordinarily relies on. This paper applies a six-dimension framework from political…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tony Rost

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) tools increasingly permeate every possible social, political, and economic sphere; sorting, taxonomizing and predicting complex human behaviour and social phenomena. However, from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Abeba Birhane

The discourse on risks from advanced AI systems ("AIs") typically focuses on misuse, accidents and loss of control, but the question of AIs' moral status could have negative impacts which are of comparable significance and could be realised…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Ines Fernandez , Nicoleta Kyosovska , Jay Luong , Gabriel Mukobi

There is a growing demand for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in healthcare, particularly as clinical decision support systems to assist medical professionals. However, the complexity of many of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Dima Alattal , Asal Khoshravan Azar , Puja Myles , Richard Branson , Hatim Abdulhussein , Allan Tucker

Public and nonprofit organizations often hesitate to adopt AI tools because most models are opaque even though standard approaches typically analyze aggregate patterns rather than offering actionable, case-level guidance. This study tests a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ji Ma , Albert Casella

In high stakes organizational contexts like healthcare, artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being designed to augment complex coordination tasks. This paper investigates how the ethical stakes of such systems are shaped by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anand Bhardwaj , Samer Faraj

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in healthcare, through Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques, has advanced the prediction and diagnosis of chronic diseases.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Akeem Temitope Otapo , Alice Othmani , Ghazaleh Khodabandelou , Zuheng Ming