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The aim of this paper is to explain, mostly through examples, what groupoids are and how they describe symmetry. We will begin with elementary examples, with discrete symmetry, and end with examples in the differentiable setting which…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Alan Weinstein

We study conformally invariant boundary conditions that break part of the bulk symmetries. A general theory is developped for those boundary conditions for which the preserved subalgebra is the fixed algebra under an abelian orbifold group.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 J. Fuchs , C. Schweigert

The idea behind universal coating is to have a thin layer of a specific substance covering an object of any shape so that one can measure a certain condition (like temperature or cracks) at any spot on the surface of the object without…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-01-07 Zahra Derakhshandeh , Robert Gmyr , Andrea W. Richa , Christian Scheideler , Thim Strothmann

We furnish any category of a universal (co)homology theory. Universal (co)homologies and universal relative (co)homologies are obtained by showing representability of certain functors and take values in $R$-linear abelian categories of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-05-10 L. Barbieri-Viale

We study $T$-designs in the nonbinary Johnson scheme. This scheme generalizes both the Johnson and Hamming schemes and admits a bivariate $Q$-polynomial structure. Zhu (2021) provided a combinatorial characterization of $T$-designs in this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-29 Hiroshi Nozaki , Yuta Watanabe

The notion of adequate subgroups was introduced by Jack Thorne [59]. It is a weakening of the notion of big subgroups used by Wiles and Taylor in proving automorphy lifting theorems for certain Galois representations. Using this idea,…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-20 Robert Guralnick , Florian Herzig , Pham Huu Tiep

We classify the pairwise transitive 2-designs, that is, 2-designs such that a group of automorphisms is transitive on the following five sets of ordered pairs: point-pairs, incident point-block pairs, non-incident point-block pairs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-07 Alice Devillers , Cheryl E. Praeger

We introduce the notion of a topological symmetry as a quantum mechanical symmetry involving a certain topological invariant. We obtain the underlying algebraic structure of the Z_2-graded uniform topological symmetries of type (1,1) and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Mostafazadeh , K. Aghababaei Samani

A fundamental notion in group theory, which originates in an article of Ulam and von Neumann from $1947$ is uniform simplicity. A group $G$ is said to be $n$-uniformly simple for $n \in \mathbf{N}$ if for every $f,g\in G\setminus \{id\}$,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-23 James Hyde , Yash Lodha

It is clear that the full automorphism group of the $(15,8,4)$-design of points and hyperplane complements of ${\rm PG}(3,2)$ is ${\rm GL}(4,2)$. Using methods of point-line geometries, we determine the full automorphism groups of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Mark Pankov , Krzysztof Petelczyc , Mariusz Żynel

The Alperin--McKay conjecture relates irreducible characters of a block of an arbitrary finite group to those of its $p$-local subgroups. A refinement of this conjecture was stated by the author in a previous paper. We prove that this…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-14 Anton Evseev

We study two-dimensional integrable $N=1$ supersymmetric theories (without topological charges) in the presence of a boundary. We find a universal ratio between the reflection amplitudes for particles that are related by supersymmetry and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 M. Moriconi , K. Schoutens

This is a gentle introduction to a general theory of universal polynomials associated to classification of map-germs, called Thom polynomials. The theory was originated by Ren\'e Thom in the 1950s and has since been evolved in various…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Toru Ohmoto

Symmetry plays a fundamental role in understanding natural phenomena and mathematical structures. This work develops a comprehensive theory for studying the persistent symmetries and degree of asymmetry of finite point configurations over…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Jian Liu , Dong Chen , Guo-Wei Wei

We classify globally irreducible representations of alternating groups and double covers of symmetric and alternating groups. In order to achieve this classification we also completely characterise irreducible representations of such groups…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Matthew Fayers , Lucia Morotti

Universality has been an important concept in computable structure theory. A class $\mathcal{C}$ of structures is universal if, informally, for any structure, of any kind, there is a structure in $\mathcal{C}$ with the same…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-12-05 Matthew Harrison-Trainor , Meng-Che Ho

Kn\"orr has constructed an ideal, in the center of the p-modular group algebra of a finite group G, whose dimension is the number of p-blocks of defect zero in G/Q; here p is a prime and Q is a normal p-subgroup of G. We generalize his…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-28 Burkhard Külshammer

This paper introduces new structural decompositions for almost symmetric numerical semigroups through the combinatorial lens of Young diagrams. To do that, we use the foundational correspondence between numerical sets and Young diagrams,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Mehmet Yeşil

We present a concept of uniform encodability of theories and develop tools related to this concept. As an application we obtain general undecidability results which are uniform for large families of structures. In the way, we define…

Logic · Mathematics 2010-12-07 Hector Pasten , Thanases Pheidas , Xavier Vidaux

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra and let $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$ denote the corresponding quantized enveloping algebra. In the present paper we show that quantum symmetric pair coideal subalgebras $B_{c,s}$ of…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2016-02-01 Martina Balagovic , Stefan Kolb