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The enhanced power graph of a group is the simple graph whose vertex set is consisted of all elements of the group, and whose any pair of vertices are adjacent if they generate a cyclic subgroup. In this paper, we classify all finite groups…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-15 Xuanlong Ma , Samir Zahirović , Yubo Lv , Yanhong She

The power graph $\mathcal{P}(G)$ is a graph with group elements as vertex set and two elements are adjacent if one is a power of the other. The order supergraph $\mathcal{S}(G)$ of the power graph $\mathcal{P}(G)$ is a graph with vertex set…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-25 A. R. Ashrafi , A. Hamzeh

Let $A$ be a group acting by automorphisms on the group $G.$ \textit{The commuting graph $\Gamma(G,A)$ of $A$-orbits} of this action is the simple graph with vertex set $\{x^{A} : 1\ne x \in G \}$, the set of all $A$-orbits on $G\setminus…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-08 İsmail Ş. Güloğlu , Gülin Ercan

The enhanced power graph $\mathcal{P}_E(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $G$ and two distinct vertices $x, y$ are adjacent if $x, y \in \langle z \rangle$ for some $z \in G$. In this article, we…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Parveen , Jitender Kumar

We generalize the enhanced power graph by replacing elements with classes under automorphisms. We show that the connectivity and diameter of this graph is similar to that of the enhanced power graph. We consider the universal vertices of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Abbas Mohammadian , Ismail Guloglu , Ahmad Erfanian , Mark L. Lewis

Let $G$ be a finite group and let $\tilde{G}$ be a Schur cover of $G$. The deep commuting graph $\Delta_D(G)$ of $G$ is a simple graph with vertex set $G$, where two distinct vertices are adjacent if their pre-images commute in $\tilde{G}$.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Sumana Hatui , Sanjay Mukherjee , Kamal Lochan Patra

Given a group $G$, the enhanced power graph of $G$ denoted by $\mathcal{G}_e(G)$, is the graph with vertex set $G$ and two distinct vertices $x, y$ are edge connected in $\mathcal{G}_e(G)$ if there exists $z\in G $ such that $x=z^m$ and $…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-24 Sudip Bera , A. K. Bhuniya

Let $G$ be a finite group. The order supergraph of $G$ is the graph with vertex set $G$, and two distinct vertices $x,y$ are adjacent if $o(x)\mid o(y)$ or $o(y)\mid o(x)$. The enhanced power graph of $G$ is the graph whose vertex set is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-29 Xuanlong Ma , Liangliang Zhai

Let $G$ be a group. The directed endomorphism graph, $\dend(G)$ of $G$ is a directed graph with vertex set $G$ and there is a directed edge from the vertex $a$ to the vertex $b$ if $a \neq b$ and there exists an endomorphism on $G$ mapping…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Midhuna V Ajith , Peter J Cameron , Mainak Ghosh , Aparna Lakshmanan S

For a group $G,$ the enhanced power graph of $G$ is a graph with vertex set $G$ in which two distinct elements $x, y$ are adjacent if and only if there exists an element $w$ in $G$ such that both $x$ and $y$ are powers of $w.$ The proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-12 Sudip Bera , Hiranya Kishore Dey

The power graph $\mathcal{P}(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is a graph whose vertex set is the group $G$ and distinct elements $x,y\in G$ are adjacent if one is a power of the other, that is, $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if $x\in\langle y\rangle$ or…

The power graph $\mathcal P_G$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph with the vertex set $G$, where two elements are adjacent if one is a power of the other. We first show that $\mathcal P_G$ has an transitive orientation, so it is a perfect…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-23 Min Feng , Xuanlong Ma , Kaishun Wang

The enhanced power graph $\mathcal{P}_e(G)$ of a group $G$ is a graph with vertex set $G$ and two vertices are adjacent if they belong to the same cyclic subgroup. In this paper, we consider the minimum degree, independence number and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-27 Ramesh Prasad Panda , Sandeep dalal , Jitender Kumar

The power graph $P(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the undirected simple graph with vertex set $G$, where two elements are adjacent if one is a power of the other. In this paper, the matching numbers of power graphs of finite groups are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Peter J. Cameron , V V Swathi , M S Sunitha

Let $G$ be a group. The directed endomorphism graph, \dend of $G$ is a directed graph with vertex set $G$ and there is a directed edge from the vertex `$a$' to the vertex `$\, b$' $(a \neq b) $ if and only if there exists an endomorphism on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Midhuna V Ajith , Mainak Ghosh , Aparna Lakshmanan S

The power graph $\Gamma_G$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph whose vertex set is the group, two distinct elements being adjacent if one is a power of the other. In this paper, we classify the finite groups whose power graphs have…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-17 Xuanlong Ma , Gary L. Walls , Kaishun Wang

For a finite group $G$, let $B$ be an equivalence (equality, conjugacy or order) relation on $G$ and let $A$ be a (power, enhanced power or commuting) graph with vertex set $G$. The $B$ super $A$ graph is a simple graph with vertex set $G$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-27 Sandeep Dalal , Sanjay Mukherjee , Kamal Lochan Patra

There are a variety of ways to associate directed or undirected graphs to a group. It may be interesting to investigate the relations between the structure of these graphs and characterizing certain properties of the group in terms of some…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-23 A. R. Moghaddamfar , S. Rahbariyan , W. J. Shi

Given a finite group $G$ and a subset $X$ of $G$, the commuting graph of $G$ on $X$, denoted by ${\cal C}(G,X)$, is the graph that has $X$ as its vertex set with $x,y\in X$ joined by an edge whenever $x\neq y$ and $xy=yx$. Let $T$ be a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-06 Julio C. M. Pezzott , Irene N. Nakaoka

The directed power graph $\vec{\mathcal P}(\mathbf G)$ of a group $\mathbf G$ is the simple digraph with vertex set $G$ such that $x\rightarrow y$ if $y$ is a power of $x$. The power graph of $\mathbf G$, denoted by $\mathcal P(\mathbf G)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-10 Ivica Bošnjak , Rozália Madarász , Samir Zahirović