Related papers: Sample size calculations for single-arm survival s…

We present a new estimator of the restricted mean survival time in randomized trials where there is right censoring that may depend on treatment and baseline variables. The proposed estimator leverages prognostic baseline variables to…

Time-to-event endpoints show an increasing popularity in phase II cancer trials. The standard statistical tool for such one-armed survival trials is the one-sample log-rank test. Its distributional properties are commonly derived in the…

The restricted mean survival time (RMST) difference offers an interpretable causal contrast to estimate the treatment effect for time-to-event outcomes, yet a wide range of available estimators leaves limited guidance for practice. We…

The Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator is a simple and powerful tool in time to event analysis. An extension exists for populations stratified into cohorts where a population survival curve is generated by weighted averaging of…

Restricted mean survival time (RMST) is gaining attention as a measure to quantify the treatment effect on survival outcomes in randomized clinical trials. Several methods to determine sample size based on the RMST-based tests have been…

Causal inference with time-to-event outcomes is fundamental in various scientific studies. In a static setup with fitted propensity scores, weighted Kaplan-Meier estimation for survival probabilities and weighted Breslow-Peto estimation for…

Rerandomization systematically reduces chance imbalance and can improve the efficiency of the average treatment effect estimator in randomized experiments. While the asymptotic properties of finite-dimensional M-estimators under…

In a clinical trial with a survival outcome, an interim analysis is often performed to allow for early stopping for efficacy. If the interim analysis is early in the trial, one might conclude that a new treatment is more effective (compared…

Recent observations, especially in cancer immunotherapy clinical trials with time-to-event outcomes, show that the commonly used proportial hazard assumption is often not justifiable, hampering an appropriate analyse of the data by hazard…

Trials enroll a large number of subjects in order to attain power, making them expensive and time-consuming. Sample size calculations are often performed with the assumption of an unadjusted analysis, even if the trial analysis plan…

We consider the problem of meta-analyzing outcome measures based on median survival times. Primary studies with time-to-event outcomes often report estimates of median survival times and confidence intervals based on the Kaplan-Meier…

For randomized controlled trials to be conclusive, it is important to set the target sample size accurately at the design stage. Comparing two normal populations, the sample size calculation requires specification of the variance other than…

The era of big data is coming, and evidence-based medicine is attracting increasing attention to improve decision making in medical practice via integrating evidence from well designed and conducted clinical research. Meta-analysis is a…

Simulation offers a simple and flexible way to estimate the power of a clinical trial when analytic formulae are not available. The computational burden of using simulation has, however, restricted its application to only the simplest of…

Multi-arm bandit experimental designs are increasingly being adopted over standard randomized trials due to their potential to improve outcomes for study participants, enable faster identification of the best-performing options, and/or…

Analysis of survival data with biased samples caused by left-truncation or length-biased sampling has received extensive interest. Many inference methods have been developed for various survival models. These methods, however, break down…

Small sample sizes in clinical studies arises from factors such as reduced costs, limited subject availability, and the rarity of studied conditions. This creates challenges for accurately calculating confidence intervals (CIs) using the…

Two commonly used methods for improving precision and power in clinical trials are stratified randomization and covariate adjustment. However, many trials do not fully capitalize on the combined precision gains from these two methods, which…

This paper deals with subspace estimation in the small sample size regime, where the number of samples is comparable in magnitude with the observation dimension. The traditional estimators, mostly based on the sample correlation matrix, are…

The use of massive survival data has become common in survival analysis. In this study, a subsampling algorithm is proposed for the Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates when the sample is extraordinarily large but…