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Related papers: Exploration-Exploitation in Multi-Agent Learning: …

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Exploration is fundamental to reinforcement learning (RL), as it determines how effectively an agent discovers and exploits the underlying structure of its environment to achieve optimal performance. Existing exploration methods generally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Likun Wang , Xiangteng Zhang , Yinuo Wang , Guojian Zhan , Wenxuan Wang , Haoyu Gao , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li

Effective exploration is crucial to discovering optimal strategies for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in complex coordination tasks. Existing methods mainly utilize intrinsic rewards to enable committed exploration or use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Zeyang Liu , Lipeng Wan , Xinrui Yang , Zhuoran Chen , Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan

Noncooperative games with uncertain payoffs have been classically studied under the expected-utility theory framework, which relies on the strong assumption that agents behave rationally. However, simple experiments on human decision makers…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ashok Krishnan K. S. , Hélène Le Cadre , Ana Bušić

In reinforcement learning, an agent interacts sequentially with an environment to maximize a reward, receiving only partial, probabilistic feedback. This creates a fundamental exploration-exploitation trade-off: the agent must explore to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Josep Lumbreras , Ruo Cheng Huang , Yanglin Hu , Marco Fanizza , Mile Gu

This study introduces a quantum inspired framework for optimizing the exploration exploitation tradeoff in multiagent reinforcement learning, applied to UAVassisted 6G network deployment. We consider a cooperative scenario where ten…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Mazyar Taghavi , Javad Vahidi

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires agents to discover joint strategies in a combinatorially large state-action space, yet effective coordination configurations are exceedingly rare. Intrinsic motivation, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Dahyun Oh , Minhyuk Yoon , H. Jin Kim

Although learning has found wide application in multi-agent systems, its effects on the temporal evolution of a system are far from understood. This paper focuses on the dynamics of Q-learning in large-scale multi-agent systems modeled as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Shuyue Hu , Chin-Wing Leung , Ho-fung Leung , Harold Soh

Efficient exploration is an unsolved problem in Reinforcement Learning which is usually addressed by reactively rewarding the agent for fortuitously encountering novel situations. This paper introduces an efficient active exploration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Pranav Shyam , Wojciech Jaśkowski , Faustino Gomez

The behaviour of multi-agent learning in competitive settings is often considered under the restrictive assumption of a zero-sum game. Only under this strict requirement is the behaviour of learning well understood; beyond this, learning…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Aamal Hussain , Francesco Belardinelli , Georgios Piliouras

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in learned tasks, yet they often struggle to adapt to non-stationary environments with feedback. While In-Context Learning and external memory offer some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Lu Yang , Zelai Xu , Minyang Xie , Jiaxuan Gao , Zhao Shok , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

We study algorithms for average-cost reinforcement learning problems with value function approximation. Our starting point is the recently proposed POLITEX algorithm, a version of policy iteration where the policy produced in each iteration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Yasin Abbasi-Yadkori , Nevena Lazic , Csaba Szepesvari , Gellert Weisz

Humanity faces numerous problems of common-pool resource appropriation. This class of multi-agent social dilemma includes the problems of ensuring sustainable use of fresh water, common fisheries, grazing pastures, and irrigation systems.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-09-07 Julien Perolat , Joel Z. Leibo , Vinicius Zambaldi , Charles Beattie , Karl Tuyls , Thore Graepel

The Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) paradigm is widely used in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning. However, conventional methods based on CTDE can suffer from value underestimation and converge to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruoning Zhang , Siying Wang , Wenyu Chen , Yang Zhou , Zhitong Zhao , Zixuan Zhang , Ruijie Zhang , Stefano V. Albrecht

In this paper, a unified framework for exploration in reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed based on an option-critic model. The proposed framework learns to integrate a set of diverse exploration strategies so that the agent can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Woojun Kim , Jeonghye Kim , Youngchul Sung

We consider reinforcement learning (RL) in continuous time and study the problem of achieving the best trade-off between exploration of a black box environment and exploitation of current knowledge. We propose an entropy-regularized reward…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-14 Haoran Wang , Thaleia Zariphopoulou , Xunyu Zhou

Efficient exploration is one of the key challenges for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Most traditional sample efficiency bounds require strategic exploration. Recently many deep RL algorithms with simple heuristic exploration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Yao Liu , Emma Brunskill

The inherent trade-off in on-line learning is between exploration and exploitation. A good balance between these two (conflicting) goals can achieve a better long-term performance. Can we define an optimal balance? We propose to study this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ram Zamir , Kenneth Rose

Multitask Reinforcement Learning (MTRL) approaches have gained increasing attention for its wide applications in many important Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks. However, while recent advancements in MTRL theory have focused on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-07 Ziping Xu , Zifan Xu , Runxuan Jiang , Peter Stone , Ambuj Tewari

Cooperation is fundamental in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), often requiring agents to balance individual gains with collective rewards. In this regard, this paper aims to investigate strategies to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Vaigarai Sathi , Sabahat Shaik , Jaswanth Nidamanuri

Optimizing strategic decisions (a.k.a. computing equilibrium) is key to the success of many non-cooperative multi-agent applications. However, in many real-world situations, we may face the exact opposite of this game-theoretic problem --…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Jibang Wu , Weiran Shen , Fei Fang , Haifeng Xu
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