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Increasingly powerful Large Language Model (LLM) based chatbots, like ChatGPT and Bard, are becoming available to users that have the potential to revolutionize the quality of decision-making achieved by the public. In this context, we set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Kausik Lakkaraju , Sai Krishna Revanth Vuruma , Vishal Pallagani , Bharath Muppasani , Biplav Srivastava

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate an evaluation framework to ensure the safety and reliability of mental health chatbots, which are increasingly popular due to their accessibility, human-like interactions, and context-aware…

Bots are software systems designed to support users by automating a specific process, task, or activity. When such systems implement a conversational component to interact with the users, they are also known as conversational agents. Bots,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Stefano Lambiase , Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba , Filomena Ferrucci

Transformer-based pretrained language models (PLMs) offer unmatched performance across the majority of natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, including a body of question answering (QA) tasks. We hypothesize that improvements in QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Gabor Fuisz , Ivan Vulić , Samuel Gibbons , Inigo Casanueva , Paweł Budzianowski

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), which aims to extract user semantics to execute downstream tasks, is a crucial component of task-oriented dialog systems. Existing SLU datasets generally lack sufficient diversity and complexity, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yuezhang Peng , Chonghao Cai , Ziang Liu , Shuai Fan , Sheng Jiang , Hua Xu , Yuxin Liu , Qiguang Chen , Kele Xu , Yao Li , Sheng Wang , Libo Qin , Xie Chen

State-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models are trained on massive training corpora, and report a superlative performance on evaluation datasets. This survey delves into an important attribute of these datasets: the dialect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Aditya Joshi , Raj Dabre , Diptesh Kanojia , Zhuang Li , Haolan Zhan , Gholamreza Haffari , Doris Dippold

The article proposes a system for knowledge-based conversation designed for Social Robots and other conversational agents. The proposed system relies on an Ontology for the description of all concepts that may be relevant conversation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Lucrezia Grassi , Carmine Tommaso Recchiuto , Antonio Sgorbissa

With the development of Natural Language Processing, Automatic question-answering system such as Waston, Siri, Alexa, has become one of the most important NLP applications. Nowadays, enterprises try to build automatic custom service…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Hsiang-En Cherng , Chia-Hui Chang

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are fine-tuned on large and diverse instruction-following corpora, and can generalize to new tasks. However, those instruction-tuned LLMs often perform poorly in specialized medical natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yujuan Velvin Fu , Giridhar Kaushik Ramachandran , Namu Park , Kevin Lybarger , Fei Xia , Ozlem Uzuner , Meliha Yetisgen

The increasing trust in large language models (LLMs), especially in the form of chatbots, is often undermined by the lack of their extrinsic evaluation. This holds particularly true in nutrition, where randomised controlled trials (RCTs)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Karen Jia-Hui Li , Simone Balloccu , Ondrej Dusek , Ehud Reiter

We develop a chatbot using Deep Bidirectional Transformer models (BERT) to handle client questions in financial investment customer service. The bot can recognize 381 intents, and decides when to say "I don't know" and escalates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Shi Yu , Yuxin Chen , Hussain Zaidi

Enterprise chatbots, powered by generative AI, are emerging as key applications to enhance employee productivity. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), Large Language Models (LLMs), and orchestration frameworks like Langchain and Llamaindex…

A conversational agent (chatbot) is a piece of software that is able to communicate with humans using natural language. Modeling conversation is an important task in natural language processing and artificial intelligence. While chatbots…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Richard Csaky

This study evaluates the application of large language models (LLMs) for intent classification within a chatbot with predetermined responses designed for banking industry websites. Specifically, the research examines the effectiveness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bibiána Lajčinová , Patrik Valábek , Michal Spišiak

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in software engineering (SE) tools, powering applications such as code generation, automated code review, and bug triage. As these LLM-based AI for Software Engineering (AI4SE) systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Utku Boran Torun , Veli Karakaya , Ali Babar , Eray Tüzün

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) plays a crucial role in speech-centric multimedia applications, enabling machines to comprehend spoken language in scenarios such as meetings, interviews, and customer service interactions. SLU…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Zhichao Sheng , Shilin Zhou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm, demonstrating their ability not only to automate tedious tasks, but also to show some degree of proficiency in completing software engineering tasks. A key concern with LLMs is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Takashi Nakano , Kazumasa Shimari , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Christoph Treude , Marc Cheong , Kenichi Matsumoto

Rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have increased interest in deploying them on mobile devices for on-device AI applications. Mobile users interact differently with LLMs compared to desktop users, creating unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Sondos Mahmoud Bsharat , Mukul Ranjan , Aidar Myrzakhan , Jiacheng Liu , Bowei Guo , Shengkun Tang , Zhuang Liu , Yuanzhi Li , Zhiqiang Shen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have notably propelled natural language processing (NLP) capabilities, demonstrating significant potential in safety engineering applications. Despite these advancements, LLMs face…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Haiyang Tang , Zhenyi Liu , Dongping Chen , Qingzhao Chu

Background: Clinical guidelines are central to safe evidence-based medicine in modern healthcare, providing diagnostic criteria, treatment options and monitoring advice for a wide range of illnesses. LLM-empowered chatbots have shown great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Julia Ive , Felix Jozsa , Nick Jackson , Paulina Bondaronek , Ciaran Scott Hill , Richard Dobson