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Gravitational wave (GW) detectors, such as LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, detect faint signals from distant astrophysical events. However, their high sensitivity also makes them susceptible to background noise, which can obscure these signals.…
Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) is a modern imaging technique used in material research to study nanoscale materials. Reconstruction of the parameters of an imaged object imposes an ill-posed inverse problem that is…
A novel method and experimental configuration are proposed that allow the collection of high-quality X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data in transmission mode on a standard laboratory diffractometer. This configuration makes use of…
The classical method of determining the atomic structure of complex molecules by analyzing diffraction patterns is currently undergoing drastic developments. Modern techniques for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray lasers allow a…
X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN) consist of several different emission and absorption components, which are often fitted manually with models chosen on a case-by-case basis. However, it becomes very hard for a survey with a…
As a crucial part of the spectral filter array (SFA)-based multispectral imaging process, spectral demosaicing has exploded with the proliferation of deep learning techniques. However, (1) bothering by the difficulty of capturing…
Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3D-GS) has achieved impressive results in novel view synthesis, demonstrating high fidelity and efficiency. However, it easily exhibits needle-like artifacts, especially when increasing the sampling rate.…
Mechanical properties in crystals are strongly correlated to the arrangement of 1D line defects, termed dislocations. Recently, Dark field X-ray Microscopy (DFXM) has emerged as a new tool to image and interpret dislocations within crystals…
Resolving transient atomic configurations in non-crystalline or dynamic environments remains a fundamental bottleneck in the physical sciences. While X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a premier probe of local structure, inverting…
In coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy the diffraction pattern generated by a sample illuminated with coherent x-rays is recorded, and a computer algorithm recovers the unmeasured phases to synthesize an image. By avoiding the use of a…
AIMS: Clinical radiographic imaging is seated upon the principle of differential keV photon transmission through an object. At clinical x-ray energies the scattering of photons causes signal noise and is utilized solely for transmission…
The detection of gravitational waves has inaugurated the era of gravitational astronomy and opened new avenues for the multimessenger study of cosmic sources. Thanks to their sensitivity, the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo interferometers…
Gravitational-wave (GW) interferometers are able to detect a change in distance of $\sim$ 1/10,000th the size of a proton. Such sensitivity leads to large appearance rates of non-Gaussian transient noise bursts in the main detector strain,…
Slitless spectroscopy eliminates the need for slits, allowing light to pass directly through a prism or grism to generate a spectral dispersion image that encompasses all celestial objects within a specified area. This technique enables…
Modern high-resolution images obtained with space observatories display extremely strong intensity variations across images on all spatial scales. Source extraction in such images with methods based on global thresholding may bring…
X-ray interferometry is an emerging imaging modality with a wide variety of potential clinical applications, including lung and breast imaging, as well as in non-destructive testing, such as additive manufacturing and porosimetry. A grating…
The success of ptychographic imaging experiments strongly depends on achieving high signal-to-noise ratio. This is particularly important in nanoscale imaging experiments when diffraction signals are very weak and the experiments are…
This paper presents a novel Bayesian strategy for the estimation of smooth signals corrupted by Gaussian noise. The method assumes a smooth evolution of a succession of continuous signals that can have a numerical or an analytical…
Anomaly synthesis strategies can effectively enhance unsupervised anomaly detection. However, existing strategies have limitations in the coverage and controllability of anomaly synthesis, particularly for weak defects that are very similar…
Automated surface inspection is an important task in many manufacturing industries and often requires machine learning driven solutions. Supervised approaches, however, can be challenging, since it is often difficult to obtain large amounts…