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Landauer's principle provides a perspective on the physical meaning of information as well as on the minimum working cost of information processing. Whereas most studies have related the decrease in entropy during a computationally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-18 Kazunari Hashimoto , Bassano Vacchini , Chikako Uchiyama

Landauer principle states that erasure of $N$ bit information requires an entropic cost of $Nk_B \ln 2$. This fact can easily be demonstrated by relaxation of an ideal gas consisting of $N$ particles inside a fixed volume. In this paper we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-03-16 P. S. Pal , A. M. Jayannavar

Information is physical but information is also processed in finite time. Where computing protocols are concerned, finite-time processing in the quantum regime can dynamically generate coherence. Here we show that this can have significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-19 Harry J. D. Miller , Giacomo Guarnieri , Mark T. Mitchison , John Goold

Quantum Landauer's principle provides a fundamental lower bound for energy dissipation occurred with information erasure in the quantum regime. While most studies have related the entropy reduction incorporated with the erasure to the lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Kazunari Hashimoto , Chikako Uchiyama

The classic Landauer bound can be lowered when erasure errors are permitted. Here we point out that continuous phase transitions characterized by an order parameter can also be viewed as information erasure by resetting a certain number of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2014-05-30 M. C. Diamantini , C. A. Trugenberger

Understanding how much energy is needed and dissipated as heat for a given computational system and for a given program is a physically interesting and practically important problem. However, the thermodynamic costs of computational systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-31 Daigo Yoshino , Yasuhiro Tokura

The erasure of information is fundamentally an irreversible logical operation, carrying profound consequences for the energetics of computation and information processing. We investigate the thermodynamic costs associated with erasing (and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Himanshu Badhani , Dhanuja GS , Swati Choudhary , Vishal Anand , Siddhartha Das

We study the problem of the energetic cost of information erasure by looking at it through the lens of the Jarzynski equality. We observe that the Landauer bound, $\langle W \rangle \geq kT \ln 2$, on average dissipated work $\langle W…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-01-27 Lorenzo Buffoni , Michele Campisi

New concepts from nonequilibrium thermodynamics are used to show that Landauer's principle can be understood in terms of time asymmetry in the dynamical randomness generated by the physical process of the erasure of digital information. In…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Andrieux , P. Gaspard

Landauer's erasure principle exposes an intrinsic relation between thermodynamics and information theory: the erasure of information stored in a system, S, requires an amount of work proportional to the entropy of that system. This entropy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-28 Lídia del Rio , Johan Aberg , Renato Renner , Oscar Dahlsten , Vlatko Vedral

Using the operational framework of completely positive, trace preserving operations and thermodynamic fluctuation relations, we derive a lower bound for the heat exchange in a Landauer erasure process on a quantum system. Our bound comes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-11 John Goold , Mauro Paternostro , Kavan Modi

One of the primary motivations of the research in the field of computation is to optimize the cost of computation. The major ingredient that a computer needs is the energy to run a process, i.e., the thermodynamic cost. The analysis of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Pritam Chattopadhyay , Goutam Paul

Information processing typically occurs via the composition of modular units, such as universal logic gates. The benefit of modular information processing, in contrast to globally integrated information processing, is that complex global…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-08-08 Alexander B. Boyd , Dibyendu Mandal , James P. Crutchfield

The minimum heat cost of computation is subject to bounds arising from Landauer's principle. Here, I derive bounds on finite modelling -- the production or anticipation of patterns (time-series data) -- by devices that model the pattern in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-21 Andrew J. P. Garner

Optimal transport theory, originally developed in the 18th century for civil engineering, has since become a powerful optimization framework across disciplines, from generative AI to cell biology. In physics, it has recently been shown to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-02 Shingo Oikawa , Yohei Nakayama , Sosuke Ito , Takahiro Sagawa , Shoichi Toyabe

Landauer's principle bounds the heat generated by logical operations, but in practice the thermodynamic cost of computation is dominated by the control systems that implement logic. CMOS gates dissipate energy far above the Landauer bound,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-17 Stephen Whitelam

We review and investigate the general theory of thermodynamics of computation, and derive the fundamental inequalities that set the lower bounds of the work requirement and the heat emission during a computation. These inequalities…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-17 Takahiro Sagawa

How much free energy is irreversibly lost during a thermodynamic process? For deterministic protocols, lower bounds on energy dissipation arise from the thermodynamic friction associated with pushing a system out of equilibrium in finite…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-26 Samuel J. Bryant , Benjamin B. Machta

Landauer's principle is, roughly, the principle that there is an entropic cost associated with implementation of logically irreversible operations. Though widely accepted in the literature on the thermodynamics of computation, it has been…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-07-24 Wayne C. Myrvold

Information erasure at the molecular scale during the depolymerization of copolymers is shown to require a minimum entropy production in accordance with Landauer's principle and as a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. This…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-16 David Andrieux , Pierre Gaspard