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We study an abstract notion of tree structure which lies at the common core of various tree-like discrete structures commonly used in combinatorics: trees in graphs, order trees, nested subsets of a set, tree-decompositions of graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Reinhard Diestel

A cutset is a non-empty finite subset of $\mathbb{Z}^d$ which is both connected and co-connected. A cutset is odd if its vertex boundary lies in the odd bipartition class of $\mathbb{Z}^d$. Peled suggested that the number of odd cutsets…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Ohad Noy Feldheim , Yinon Spinka

For a fixed graph H with t vertices, an H-factor of a graph G with n vertices, where t divides n, is a collection of vertex disjoint (not necessarily induced) copies of H in G covering all vertices of G. We prove that for a fixed tree T on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-02 Deepak Bal , Alan Frieze , Michael Krivelevich , Po-Shen Loh

Luo, Tian and Wu conjectured in 2022 that for any tree $T$ with bipartition $X$ and $Y$, every $k$-connected bipartite graph $G$ with $\delta(G) \geq k + t$, where $t = \max\{|X|,|Y |\}$, contains a subtree $T' \cong T$ such that $G-V(T')$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-07 Qing Yang , Yingzhi Tian

An identifying code $C$ of a graph $G$ is a dominating set of $G$ such that any two distinct vertices of $G$ have distinct closed neighbourhoods within $C$. These codes have been widely studied for over two decades. We give an improvement…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-14 Florent Foucaud , Tuomo Lehtilä

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is said to be odd (or even, resp.) if $d_G(v)$ is odd (or even, resp.) for any $v\in V$. Trivially, the order of an odd graph must be even. In this paper, we show that every 4-edge connected graph of even order has a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Jingyu Zheng , Baoyindureng Wu

A contraction sequence of a graph consists of iteratively merging two of its vertices until only one vertex remains. The recently introduced twin-width graph invariant is based on contraction sequences. More precisely, if one puts red edges…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Édouard Bonnet , Eun Jung Kim , Amadeus Reinald , Stéphan Thomassé

In this paper and a companion paper, we prove that, if $m$ is sufficiently large, every graph on $m+1$ vertices that has a universal vertex and minimum degree at least $\lfloor \frac{2m}{3} \rfloor$ contains each tree $T$ with $m$ edges as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-21 Bruce Reed , Maya Stein

A labeled oriented tree is called injective if each generator occurs at most once as an edge label. We show that injective labeled oriented trees are aspherical. The proof relies on a new relative asphericity test based on a lemma of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-11-07 Jens Harlander , Stephan Rosebrock

Let $T$ be a tree with $t$ edges. We show that the number of isomorphic (labeled) copies of $T$ in a graph $G = (V,E)$ of minimum degree at least $t$ is at least \[2|E| \prod_{v \in V} (d(v) - t + 1)^{\frac{(t-1)d(v)}{2|E|}}.\]…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Dhruv Mubayi , Jacques Verstraete

Extending the notion of sunflowers, we call a family of at least two sets an odd-sunflower if every element of the underlying set is contained in an odd number of sets or in none of them. It follows from the Erd\H os--Szemer\'edi…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-22 Peter Frankl , János Pach , Dömötör Pálvölgyi

An $(s,t)$-matching in a bipartite graph $G=(U,V,E)$ is a subset of the edges $F$ such that each component of $G[F]$ is a tree with at most $t$ edges and each vertex in $U$ has $s$ neighbours in $G[H]$. We give sharp conditions for a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-07 Alexander Roberts

In this paper, we disprove the long-standing conjecture that any complete geometric graph on $2n$ vertices can be partitioned into $n$ plane spanning trees. Our construction is based on so-called bumpy wheel sets. We fully characterize…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-20 Johannes Obenaus , Joachim Orthaber

For a given graph, the unlabeled subgraphs $G-v$ are called the cards of $G$ and the deck of $G$ is the multiset $\{G-v: v \in V(G)\}$. Wendy Myrvold [Ars Combinatoria, 1989] showed that a non-connected graph and a connected graph both on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Gabriëlle Zwaneveld

We characterize all partitions of the complete twisted graph $T_{2n}$ into plane spanning trees. In the case of partitions of $T_{2n}$ into isomorphic plane spanning trees, we show that all trees in these partitions must be balanced double…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Ana Paulina Figueroa , Eduardo Rivera-Campo

A graph is called integral if all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix consist entirely of integers. Recently, Csikvari proved the existence of integral trees of any even diameter. In the odd case, integral trees have been constructed with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-23 E. Ghorbani , A. Mohammadian , B. Tayfeh-Rezaie

We prove that, if $m$ is sufficiently large, every graph on $m+1$ vertices that has a universal vertex and minimum degree at least $\lfloor \frac{2m}{3} \rfloor$ contains each tree $T$ with $m$ edges as a subgraph. Our result confirms, for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-21 Bruce Reed , Maya Stein

If a quantum walk starting on a vertex tends to stay at home, then that vertex is said to be sedentary. We prove that almost all planar graphs and almost all trees contain at least two sedentary vertices for any assignment of edge weights…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Karen Meagher , Hermie Monterde

The study describes a class of integer labelings of the Fibonacci tree, the tree of descent introduced by Fibonacci. In these labelings, Fibonacci sequences appear along ascending branches of the tree, and it is shown that the labels at any…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-21 Stéphane Legendre

Using the theory of Properly Embedded Graphs developed in an earlier work we define an involutory duality on the set labeled non-crossing trees that lifts the obvious duality in the set of unlabeled non-crossing trees. The set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Nikos Apostolakis