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A genus one labeled circle tree is a tree with its vertices on a circle, such that together they can be embedded in a surface of genus one, but not of genus zero. We define an e-reduction process whereby a special type of subtree, called an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Karola Meszaros

Trees without vertices of degree $2$ are sometimes named topological trees. In this work, we bring forward the study of the inducibility of (rooted) topological trees with a given number of leaves. The inducibility of a topological tree $S$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Audace Amen Vioutou Dossou-Olory , Stephan Wagner

For a tree $T$, let $i_T(t)$ be the number of independent sets of size $t$ in $T$. It is an open question, raised by Alavi, Malde, Schwenk and Erd\H{o}s, whether the sequence $(i_T(t))_{t \geq 0}$ is always unimodal. Here we answer the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-12 David Galvin , Justin Hilyard

Let $T(n,m)$ be the set of all plane labelled bipartite trees with $n$ white vertices and $m$ black. If the number $n+m$ of vertices is even, then the set $T(n,m)$ is a union of two disjoint subsets --- subset od "even" trees and subset of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-04 Yury Kochetkov

An increasing 1,2-tree is a labeled graph formed by starting with a vertex and then repeatedly attaching a leaf to a vertex or a triangle to an edge, the labeling of the vertices corresponding to the order in which the vertices are added.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Julien Courtiel , Matthieu Dien , Paul Dorbec

We prove that if $T_1,\dots, T_n$ is a sequence of bounded degree trees so that $T_i$ has $i$ vertices, then $K_n$ has a decomposition into $T_1,\dots, T_n$. This shows that the tree packing conjecture of Gy\'arf\'as and Lehel from 1976…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-14 Felix Joos , Jaehoon Kim , Daniela Kühn , Deryk Osthus

A linear mapping upon real n-dimensional space, where the dimension n is odd, has a real eigenvalue-eigenvector pair. The corresponding statement for complex vector spaces holds true for any dimension n, but should be easy to demonstrate…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-09-22 Jon A. Sjogren

A graph $G$ is said to be a `set graph' if it admits an acyclic orientation that is also `extensional', in the sense that the out-neighborhoods of its vertices are pairwise distinct. Equivalently, a set graph is the underlying graph of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Martin Milanič , Romeo Rizzi , Alexandru I. Tomescu

A graph is odd if all of its vertices have odd degrees. In particular, an odd spanning tree in a connected graph is a spanning tree in which all vertices have odd degrees. In this paper we establish a unified technique to enumerate odd…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu

A finite non-increasing sequence of positive integers $d = (d_1\geq \cdots\geq d_n)$ is called a degree sequence if there is a graph $G = (V,E)$ with $V = \{v_1,\ldots,v_n\}$ and $deg(v_i)=d_i$ for $i=1,\ldots,n$. In that case we say that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-08 Atabey Kaygun

Consider an order $n$ abelian group $G$ and a tree $T$ on $n$ vertices. When is it possible to (bijectively) label $V(T)$ by $G$ so that along all edges $xy$ of $T$, the sums $x+y$ are distinct? This problem can be traced back to the work…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Alp Müyesser , Alexey Pokrovskiy

We consider packing tree degree sequences in this paper. We set up a conjecture that any arbitrary number of tree degree sequences without common leaves have edge disjoint tree realizations. This conjecture is known to be true for $2$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-12 Aravind Gollakota , William Hardt , Istvan Miklos

Given an edge-weighted tree $T$ with $n$ leaves, sample the leaves uniformly at random without replacement and let $W_k$, $2 \le k \le n$, be the length of the subtree spanned by the first $k$ leaves. We consider the question, "Can $T$ be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-04 Steven N. Evans , Daniel Lanoue

An L(2, 1)-labeling of a graph is an assignment of nonnegative integers to the vertices of G such that adjacent vertices receive numbers differed by at least 2, and vertices at distance 2 are assigned distinct numbers. The L(2, 1)-labeling…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-02 Dong Chen , Wai Chee Shiu , Qiaojun Shu , Pak Kiu Sun , Weifan Wang

A total prime labeling of a graph of order $n$ is an extension of a prime labeling in which we distinctly label the vertices and edges. The goal of the labeling is for adjacent vertex labels to be relatively prime, and for each vertex of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-22 N. Bradley Fox , Joseph Spaeth

Given a bipartite graph $G=(V_b,V_r,E)$, the $2$-Level Quasi-Planarity problem asks for the existence of a drawing of $G$ in the plane such that the vertices in $V_b$ and in $V_r$ lie along two parallel lines $\ell_b$ and $\ell_r$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Patrizio Angelini , Giordano Da Lozzo , Giuseppe Di Battista , Fabrizio Frati , Maurizio Patrignani

In 1989 Erd\H{o}s and Sz\'ekely showed that there is a bijection between (i) the set of rooted trees with $n+1$ vertices whose leaves are bijectively labeled with the elements of $[\ell]=\{1,2,\dots,\ell\}$ for some $\ell \leq n$, and (ii)…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Vincent Moulton , Andreas Spillner

Exceptional sequences are certain ordered sequences of quiver representations. We use noncrossing edge-labeled trees in a disk with boundary vertices (expanding on T. Araya's work) to classify exceptional sequences of representations of Q,…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-11 Alexander Garver , Jacob P. Matherne

By rewriting the famous hook-content formula it easily follows that there are $\prod\limits_{1 \le i < j \le n} \frac{k_j - k_i + j -i}{j-i}$ semistandard tableaux of shape $(k_n,k_{n-1},...,k_1)$ with entries in $\{1,2,...,n\}$ or,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-05 Ilse Fischer

Many interesting problems are obtained by attempting to generalize classical results on convexity in Euclidean spaces to other convexity spaces, in particular to convexity spaces on graphs. In this paper we consider $P_3$-convexity on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-08 Shoham Letzter