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Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy (PFS) has emerged as a powerful tool for probing polarization dynamics on the nanoscale. Application of a dc bias to a nanoscale probe in contact with a ferroelectric surface results in the nucleation and…
Dynamic spectroscopies in Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) are critical for probing material properties, such as force interactions, mechanical properties, polarization switching, and electrochemical reactions and ionic dynamics. However,…
Emergent functionalities of structural and topological defects in ferroelectric materials underpin an extremely broad spectrum of applications ranging from domain wall electronics to high dielectric and electromechanical responses. Many of…
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is now the primary tool for exploring functional materials on the atomic level. Often, features of interest are highly localized in specific regions in the material, such as ferroelectric…
The thermodynamics and kinetics of tip-induced polarization switching in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy in the presence of surface charge defects is studied using the combination of analytical and numerical techniques. The signature of the…
Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy (PFS) has emerged as a powerful technique for probing highly localized switching behavior and the role of microstructure and defects on switching. The application of a dc bias to a scanning probe microscope…
Electromechanical coupling is ubiquitous in biological systems with examples ranging from simple piezoelectricity in calcified and connective tissues to voltage-gated ion channels, energy storage in mitochondria, and electromechanical…
Scanning Probe Microscopy is used to study and quantify the nanoscale electric phenomena in the two classes of oxide systems, namely transport at electroactive grain boundaries and surface behavior of ferroelectric materials. Scanning…
The behavior of ferroelectricity at the nanoscale is the focus of increasing research activity because of intense interest in the fundamental nature of spontaneous order in condensed-matter systems and because of the many practical…
Polarization in ferroelectric domains arises from atomic-scale structural variations that govern macroscopic functionalities. The interfaces between these domains known as domain walls host distinct physical responses, making their…
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a valuable technique by which one can investigate the physical characteristics of the surfaces of materials. However, its widespread use is hampered by the time-consuming nature of running an experiment…
Realizing high-throughput aberration-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) exploration of atomic structures requires rapid tuning of multipole probe correctors while compensating for the inevitable drift of the optical…
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a powerful tool widely used to characterize piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity at the nanoscale. However, it is necessary to distinguish microscopic mechanisms between piezoelectricity and…
Ferroelectrics are widely used for a broad array of technological applications due to their attractive electrical and electromechanical properties. In order to obtain large functional properties, material compositions are often designed to…
For over three decades, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been a key method for exploring material structures and functionalities at nanometer and often atomic scales in ambient, liquid, and vacuum environments. Historically, SPM…
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) is one of the most widespread methods for investigating and visualizing ferroelectric domain structures down to the nanometer length scale. PFM makes use of the direct coupling of the piezoelectric…
Ferroelectric materials with switchable spontaneous polarization underpin non-volatile memories, transistors, sensors, and emerging neuromorphic chips. Their performance and stability are governed by polarization dynamics and domain…
The contrast mechanism for ferroelectric domain imaging via piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is investigated. A novel analysis of PFM measurements is presented which takes into account the background caused by the experimental setup.…
Ferroelectric materials exhibit a switchable, spontaneous polarization at the unit cell level--an attractive property utilized in many emerging technologies including, among others, high-density memory storage, low-power transistors, and…
An understanding of how input parameter uncertainty in the numerical simulation of physical models leads to simulation output uncertainty is a challenging task. Common methods for quantifying output uncertainty, such as performing a grid or…