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We consider subsets $S$ of a metric space $M$ such that Lipschitz mappings defined on $S$ can be extended to Lipschitz mappings on $M$, and we show that the union of such subsets has the same property under appropriate geometric conditions.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Ramón J. Aliaga , Rubén Medina

We show that, given a Banach space $X$, the Lipschitz-free space over $X$, denoted by $\mathcal{F}(X)$, is isomorphic to $(\sum_{n=1}^\infty \mathcal{F}(X))_{\ell_1}$. Some applications are presented, including a non-linear version of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2014-11-13 Pedro Levit Kaufmann

We describe surjective linear isometries and linear isometry groups of a large class of Lipschitz-free spaces that includes e.g. Lipschitz-free spaces over any graph. We define the notion of a Lipschitz-free rigid metric space whose…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Marek Cúth , Michal Doucha , Tamás Titkos

In the present paper we introduce and study the Lipschitz retractional structure of metric spaces. This topic was motivated by the analogous projectional structure of Banach spaces, a topic that has been thoroughly investigated. The more…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-28 Petr Hájek , Andrés Quilis

We find general conditions under which Lipschitz-free spaces over metric spaces are isomorphic to their infinite direct $\ell_1$-sum and exhibit several applications. As examples of such applications we have that Lipschitz-free spaces over…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-08 Fernando Albiac , Jose L. Ansorena , Marek Cuth , Michal Doucha

In this note we study the structure of Lipschitz-free Banach spaces. We show that every Lipschitz-free Banach space over an infinite metric space contains a complemented copy of $\ell_1$. This result has many consequences for the structure…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-02-09 Marek Cuth , Michal Doucha , Przemyslaw Wojtaszczyk

We set up a descriptive set-theoretic framework to study Lipschitz-free spaces and use the reduction argument of Bossard to prove several results. We prove two universality results: if a separable Banach space is isomorphically universal…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Richard J. Smith

We give several structural results concerning the Lipschitz-free spaces $\mathcal F(M)$, where $M$ is a metric space. We show that $\mathcal F(M)$ contains a complemented copy of $\ell_1(\Gamma)$, where $\Gamma=\text{dens}(M)$. If $\mathcal…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-01-03 Petr Hájek , Matěj Novotný

We give a metric characterisation of when the Lipschitz-free space over a separable ultrametric space is a dual Banach space. In the case where the Lipschitz-free space has a predual, we show that this predual is M-embedded if and only if…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Trond A. Abrahamsen , Vegard Lima , Andre Ostrak

Let $\|\cdot\|$ be a norm on $\mathbb{R}^N$ and let $M$ be a closed $C^1$-submanifold of $\mathbb{R}^N$. Consider the pointed metric space $(M,d)$, where $d$ is the metric given by $d(x,y)=\|x-y\|$, $x,y\in M$. Then the Lipschitz-free space…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Richard J. Smith , Filip Talimdjioski

We study several properties and applications of the ultrapower $M_{\mathcal U}$ of a metric space $M$. We prove that the Lipschitz-free space $\mathcal F(M_{\mathcal U})$ is finitely representable in $\mathcal F(M)$. We also characterize…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-08 Luis C. García-Lirola , G. Grelier

We show that there is an operator space notion of Lipschitz embeddability between operator spaces which is strictly weaker than its linear counterpart but which is still strong enough to impose linear restrictions on operator space…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-11-28 Bruno de Mendonça Braga , Javier Alejandro Chávez-Domínguez , Thomas Sinclair

We study a new bi-Lipschitz invariant \lambda(M) of a metric space M; its finiteness means that Lipschitz functions on an arbitrary subset of M can be linearly extended to functions on M whose Lipschitz constants are enlarged by a factor…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. Brudnyi , Yu. Brudnyi

We characterize metric spaces whose Lipschitz free space is isometric to $\ell_1$. In particular, the Lipschitz free space over an ultrametric space is not isometric to $\ell_1(\Gamma)$ for any set $\Gamma$. We give a lower bound for the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-13 Aude Dalet , Pedro L. Kaufmann , Antonín Procházka

We show that inclusions of $p$-metric spaces always produce genuine linear embeddings at the level of Lipschitz-free $p$-spaces. More precisely, for every $0<p<1$ and every inclusion $ \mathit{N}\subset \mathit{M}$ of $p$-metric spaces, the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Fernando Albiac , José L. Ansorena

We characterise the octahedrality of Lipschitz-free space norm in terms of a new geometric property of the underlying metric space. We study the metric spaces with and without this property. Quite surprisingly, metric spaces without this…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-12-13 Antonín Procházka , Abraham Rueda Zoca

The goal of this paper is to study geometric and extremal properties of the convex body $B_{\mathcal F(M)}$, which is the unit ball of the Lipschitz-free Banach space associated with a finite metric space $M$. We investigate $\ell_1$ and…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-04-16 Matthew Alexander , Matthieu Fradelizi , Luis C. García-Lirola , Artem Zvavitch

We prove that the Lipschitz-free space over a countable proper metric space is isometric to a dual space and has the metric approximation property. We also show that the Lipschitz-free space over a proper ultrametric space is isometric to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2014-12-17 Aude Dalet

This paper initiates the study of the structure of a new class of $p$-Banach spaces, $0<p<1$, namely the Lipschitz free $p$-spaces (alternatively called Arens-Eells $p$-spaces) $\mathcal{F}_{p}(\mathcal{M})$ over $p$-metric spaces. We…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-22 Fernando Albiac , Jose L. Ansorena , Marek Cuth , Michal Doucha

We characterize the metric spaces whose free space has the bounded approximation property through a Lipschitz analogue of the local reflexivity principle. We show that there exist compact metric spaces whose free spaces fail the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-07-13 Gilles Godefroy , Narutaka Ozawa
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