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Improvements in current instruments and the advent of next-generation instruments will soon push observational 21 cm cosmology into a new era, with high significance measurements of both the power spectrum and the mean ("global") signal of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-08 Adrian Liu , Aaron R. Parsons

The hydrogen 21-cm signal is predicted to be the richest probe of the young Universe including eras known as the cosmic Dark Ages, the Cosmic Dawn when the first star and black hole formed, and the Epoch of Reionization. This signal holds…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-01 Anastasia Fialkov , Thomas Gessey-Jones , Jiten Dhandha

We develop a comprehensive theoretical model for Lyman-alpha emission, from the scale of individual Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs) to Lyman-alpha halos (LAHs), Lyman-alpha blobs (LABs), and Lyman-alpha filaments (LAFs) of the diffuse cosmic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-28 Chris Byrohl , Dylan Nelson

This is the second paper in a series whose aim is to predict the power spectrum of intensity and polarized intensity from cosmic reionization fronts. After building the analytic models for intensity and polarized intensity calculations in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-31 Emily Koivu , Heyang Long , Yuanyuan Yang , Christopher M. Hirata

The cosmic dawn 21-cm signal is a highly sensitive probe of any process which injects energy into the intergalactic medium, enabling novel searches for anomalous energy injection by through dark matter interactions. In addition to modifying…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-30 Yitian Sun , Joshua W. Foster , Julian B. Muñoz

Accurate simulations of the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization require the generation of maps at specific frequencies given the values of astrophysical and cosmological parameters. The peculiar velocities of the hydrogen atoms…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 Emma Chapman , Mario G. Santos

The cosmic 21-cm signal promises to revolutionize studies of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Radio interferometers are aiming for a preliminary, low signal-to-noise (S/N) detection of the 21-cm power spectrum. Cross-correlating 21-cm with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-09 Samuel Gagnon-Hartman , James E. Davies , Andrei Mesinger

A detection of the 21 cm signal can provide a unique window of opportunity for uncovering complex astrophysical phenomena at the epoch of reionization and placing constraints on cosmology at high redshifts, which are usually elusive to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-21 Danial Baradaran , Boryana Hadzhiyska , Martin J. White , Noah Sailer

One approach to extracting the global 21-cm signal from total-power measurements at low radio frequencies is to parametrize the different contributions to the data and then fit for these parameters. We examine parametrizations of the 21-cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-04 Geraint J. A. Harker , Jordan Mirocha , Jack O. Burns , Jonathan R. Pritchard

Aims: Contamination from bright diffuse Galactic thermal and non-thermal radio emission poses crucial challenges in experiments aiming to measure the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization. If not…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-29 B. K. Gehlot , L. V. E. Koopmans , A. R. Offringa , H. Gan , R. Ghara , S. K. Giri , M. Kuiack , F. G. Mertens , M. Mevius , R. Mondal , V. N. Pandey , A. Shulevski , R. A. M. J. Wijers , S. Yatawatta

The SKA will build upon early detections of the EoR by precursor instruments, such as MWA, PAPER, and LOFAR, and planned instruments, such as HERA, to make the first high signal-to-noise measurements of fluctuations in the 21 cm brightness…

Upcoming Stage-IV surveys will deliver measurements of distribution of matter with unprecedented precision, demanding highly accurate theoretical models for cosmological parameter inference. A major source of modeling uncertainty lies in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-01 Pranjal R. S. , Shivam Pandey , Dhayaa Anbajagane , Elisabeth Krause , Klaus Dolag

Lyman limit and damped Lyman-alpha absorption systems probe the distribution of collapsed, cold gas at high redshift. Numerical simulations that incorporate gravity and gas dynamics can predict the abundance of such absorbers in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Jeffrey P. Gardner , Neal Katz , Lars Hernquist , David H. Weinberg

The birth of the first luminous sources and the ensuing epoch of reionization are best studied via the redshifted 21-cm emission line, the signature of the first two imprinting the last. In this work we present a fully-Bayesian method,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-27 G. Bernardi , J. T. L. Zwart , D. Price , L. J. Greenhill , A. Mesinger , J. Dowell , T. Eftekhari , S. W. Ellingson , J. Kocz , F. Schinzel

21 cm cosmology, the statistical observation of the high redshift universe using the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen, has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of cosmology and the astrophysical processes that underlie…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-10 Joshua S. Dillon

Using the latest upper limits on the 21-cm power spectrum at $z\approx9.1$ from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR), we explore regions of parameter space which are inconsistent with the data. We use 21CMMC, a Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampler…

In a companion paper we introduce 21cmFirstCLASS, a new code for computing the 21-cm anisotropies, assembled from the merger of the two popular codes 21cmFAST and CLASS. Unlike the standard 21cmFAST, which begins at $z=35$ with homogeneous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-28 Jordan Flitter , Ely D. Kovetz

We calibrate here cosmological radiative transfer simulation with ATON/RAMSES with a range of measurements of the Lyman alpha opacity from QSO absorption spectra. We find the Lyman alpha opacity to be very sensitive to the exact timing of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Jonathan Chardin , Martin G. Haehnelt , Dominique Aubert , Ewald Puchwein

The 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen is a sensitive probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and Cosmic Dawn. Currently operating radio telescopes have ushered in a data-driven era of 21-cm cosmology, providing the first constraints on the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Aviad Cohen , Anastasia Fialkov , Rennan Barkana , Raul Monsalve

Recently, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) collaboration has produced the experiment's first upper limits on the power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations at z~8 and 10. Here, we use several independent theoretical models to infer…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-21 The HERA Collaboration , Zara Abdurashidova , James E. Aguirre , Paul Alexander , Zaki Ali , Yanga Balfour , Rennan Barkana , Adam Beardsley , Gianni Bernardi , Tashalee Billings , Judd Bowman , Richard Bradley , Phillip Bull , Jacob Burba , Steven Carey , Christopher Carilli , Carina Cheng , David DeBoer , Matthew Dexter , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Joshua Dillon , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Nicolas Fagnoni , Anastasia Fialkov , Randall Fritz , Steven Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Brian Glendenning , Deepthi Gorthi , Bradley Greig , Jasper Grobbelaar , Ziyaad Halday , Bryna Hazelton , Stefan Heimersheim , Jacqueline Hewitt , Jack Hickish , Daniel Jacobs , Austin Julius , Nicholas Kern , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Saul Kohn , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , Telalo Lekalake , David Lewis , Adrian Liu , Yin-Zhe Ma , David MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Cresshim Malgas , Matthys Maree , Zachary Martinot , Eunice Matsetela , Andrei Mesinger , Jordan Mirocha , Mathakane Molewa , Miguel Morales , Tshegofalang Mosiane , Julian Munoz , Steven Murray , Abraham Neben , Bojan Nikolic , Chuneeta Devi Nunhokee , Aaron Parsons , Nipanjana Patra , Samantha Pieterse , Jonathan Pober , Yuxiang Qin , N. Razavi-Ghods , Itamar Reis , Jon Ringuette , James Robnett , Kathryn Rosie , Mario Santos , Sudipta Sikder , Peter Sims , Craig Smith , Angelo Syce , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Peter Williams , Haoxuan Zheng