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This paper is a sequel to an evolving research project on a diagrammatic methodology called thinging machine (TM). Initially, it was proposed as a base for conceptual modelling (e.g., conceptual UML) in areas such as requirement…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Sabah Al-Fedaghi

The Church-Turing thesis is one of the pillars of computer science; it postulates that every classical system has equivalent computability power to the so-called Turing machine. While this thesis is crucial for our understanding of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-28 Ariel Bendersky , Gonzalo de la Torre , Gabriel Senno , Santiago Figueira , Antonio Acin

Due to common misconceptions about the Church-Turing thesis, it has been widely assumed that the Turing machine provides an upper bound on what is computable. This is not so. The new field of hypercomputation studies models of computation…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Toby Ord

Consciousness is the window of the brain and reflects many fundamental cognitive properties involving both computational and cognitive mechanisms. A collection of these properties was described as the "easy problems" by Chalmers, including…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-06 Qi Zhang

This paper critically assesses the anti-functionalist stance on consciousness adopted by certain advocates of integrated information theory (IIT), a corollary of which is that human-level artificial intelligence implemented on conventional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-09-08 Murray Shanahan

The concept of neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), which suggests that specific neural activities are linked to conscious experiences, has gained widespread acceptance. This acceptance is based on a wealth of evidence from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Anwaar Ulhaq

One of the current AI issues depicted in popular culture is the fear of conscious super AIs that try to take control over humanity. And as computational power goes upwards and that turns more and more into a reality, understanding…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-22 Daniel Lopes

Determining whether another system, biological or artificial, possesses phenomenal consciousness has long been a central challenge in consciousness studies. This attribution problem has become especially pressing with the rise of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Fangfang Li , Xiaojie Zhang

In conceptual modeling (CM) as a subdiscipline of software engineering, current proposed ontologies (categorical analysis of entities) are typically established through whole adoption of philosophical theories (e.g. Bunge s). In this paper,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Sabah Al-Fedaghi

Neural theories of consciousness face three difficulties: (1) The selection problem: how are those neurons which cause consciousness selected, from all the other neurons which do not? (2) the precision problem: how do neurons hold a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-21 Robert Worden

We develop a taxonomical framework for classifying challenges to the possibility of consciousness in digital artificial intelligence systems. This framework allows us to identify the level of granularity at which a given challenge is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Andres Campero , Derek Shiller , Jaan Aru , Jonathan Simon

Sensible Quantum Mechanics or Mindless Sensationalism is a framework for relating consciousness to a quantum universe. It states that each conscious perception has a measure that is given by the expectation value of a corresponding quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-01 Don N. Page

This document presents an introduction to computer vision, and its relationship to Cognitive Science, from the perspective of Bayes Decision Theory (Berger 1985). Computer vision is a vast and complex field, so this overview has a narrow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Alan Yuille , Daniel Kersten

Conceptual modeling (CM) applies abstraction to reduce the complexity of a system under study (e.g., an excerpt of reality). As a result of the conceptual modeling process a human interpretable, formalized representation (i.e., a conceptual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Dominik Bork

The Turing machine is one of the simple abstract computational devices that can be used to investigate the limits of computability. In this paper, they are considered from several points of view that emphasize the importance and the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-03-16 Yaroslav D. Sergeyev , Alfredo Garro

This paper goes back to Turing (1936) and treats his machine as a cognitive model (W,D,B), where W is an "external world" represented by memory device (the tape divided into squares), and (D,B) is a simple robot that consists of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Victor Eliashberg

Theoretical computer science (TCS) is a subdiscipline of computer science that studies the mathematical foundations of computational and algorithmic processes and interactions. Work in this field is often recognized by its emphasis on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Shuchi Chawla , Jelani Nelson , Chris Umans , David Woodruff

The encounter of artificial intelligence with consciousness research is often framed as a challenge: could this science determine whether such systems are conscious? We suggest it is equally an opportunity to expand and test the scope of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-16 Shahar Dror , Dafna Bergerbest , Moti Salti

Having a rich multimodal inner language is an important component of human intelligence that enables several necessary core cognitive functions such as multimodal prediction, translation, and generation. Building upon the Conscious Turing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Paul Pu Liang

The Hard Problem of consciousness has been dismissed as an illusion. By showing that computers are capable of experiencing, we show that they are at least rudimentarily conscious with potential to eventually reach superconsciousness. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Roman V. Yampolskiy