Related papers: Nontraditional hypsometric equation
It is well known, by now, that the three-dimensional non-viscous planetary geostrophic model, with vertical hydrostatic balance and horizontal Rayleigh friction, coupled to the heat diffusion and transport, is mathematically ill-posed. This…
Zonal flows in rapidly-rotating celestial objects such as the Sun, gas or ice giants form in a variety of surface patterns and amplitudes. Whereas the differential rotation on the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn features a super-rotating equatorial…
The heat engine model of tropical cyclones describes a thermally direct overturning circulation. Outflowing air slowly subsides as radiative cooling to space balances adiabatic warming, a process that does not consume any work. However, we…
The derivation of a quasi-geostrophic (QG) system from the rotating shallow water equations on a midlatitude beta-plane coupled with moisture is presented. Condensation is prescribed to occur whenever the moisture at a point exceeds a…
The recent gravity field measurements of Jupiter (Juno) and Saturn (Cassini) confirm the existence of deep zonal flows reaching to a depth of 5\% and 15\% of the respective radius. Relating the zonal wind induced density perturbations to…
Turbulence and large-scale waves in the tropical region are studied using the spherical shallow water equations. With mesoscale vorticity forcing, both moist and dry systems show kinetic energy scaling that is dominated by rotational modes,…
This paper describes an experimental investigation, by means of hot-wire anemometry, of the characteristics of velocity and temperature in a rotating turbulent boundary layer under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The ranges of…
The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere, so its height determines the nature of processes in the atmosphere and depends on them. The criterion for determining the height of the tropopause is a decrease in…
When studying tropical cyclones using the $f$-plane, axisymmetric, gradient balanced model, there arises a second-order elliptic equation for the transverse circulation. Similarly, when studying zonally symmetric meridional circulations…
Nor'easters frequently impact the North American East Coast, bringing hazardous precipitation, winds, and coastal flooding. Accurate simulation of their pressure and wind fields is essential for forecasting, risk assessment, and…
There are a lot of oscillatory motions of various kinds in the atmosphere, for example, internal gravity waves (IGW), which have a period less than the time of flight of the radiosonde. Oscillatory motions lead to adiabatic cooling during…
We consider equations describing a barotropic inviscid flow in a channel with topography effects and beta-plane approximation of Coriolis force, in which a large-scale mean flow interacts with smaller scales. Gibbsian measures associated to…
The state of earth's climate is constrained by well-known physical principles such as energy balance and the conservation of energy. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations affect the atmospheric optical depth, and physical consistency…
We use the Global Historical Climatology Network--daily database to calculate trends in sea-level atmospheric pressures, their variance and the variance of their day-to-day differences in nine regions of the world. Changes in pressure…
A correction by a reduction factor O(100) is proposed for previously calculated turbulence values on unresolved convection-overturns induced by general geothermal heating in the deep Western Mediterranean. The correction includes modified…
A challenge in physical oceanography is quantifying the energy content of waves and balanced flows and the fluxes that connect these reservoirs with their sources and sinks. Methodological limitations have prevented decompositions for…
The physical growth of wind energy over several decades, caused a re-investigation mesoscale effects on wind plant dynamics. At a large scale operation, understanding the interactions between atmospheric phenomena and wind plant wakes is…
We propose a modification of a maximum likelihood procedure for tuning parameter values in models, based upon the comparison of their output to field data. Our methodology, which uses polynomial approximations of the sample space to…
This paper is devoted to the study of water waves under the influence of the gravity and the Coriolis force. It is quite common in the physical literature that the rotating shallow water equations are used to study such water waves. We…
The problem of optimal initial disturbances in thermal wind shear is revisited and extended to include non-hydrostatic effects. This systematic study compares transient and modal growth rates of submesoscale instabilities over a large range…