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Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), through learning policies or values represented by neural networks, has successfully addressed many complex control problems. However, the neural networks introduced by DRL lack interpretability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zeyu Jiang , Hai Huang , Xingquan Zuo

Neural networks (NNs) and decision trees (DTs) are both popular models of machine learning, yet coming with mutually exclusive advantages and limitations. To bring the best of the two worlds, a variety of approaches are proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Haoling Li , Jie Song , Mengqi Xue , Haofei Zhang , Jingwen Ye , Lechao Cheng , Mingli Song

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have achieved great success in solving many challenging tasks while their black-box nature hinders interpretability and real-world applicability, making it difficult for human experts to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Jingdi Chen , Hanhan Zhou , Yongsheng Mei , Carlee Joe-Wong , Gina Adam , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Tian Lan

Traditionally, for most machine learning settings, gaining some degree of explainability that tries to give users more insights into how and why the network arrives at its predictions, restricts the underlying model and hinders performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Robin M. Schmidt

Clinical decision requires reasoning in the presence of imperfect data. DTs are a well-known decision support tool, owing to their interpretability, fundamental in safety-critical contexts such as medical diagnosis. However, learning DTs…

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) holds great promise for deriving optimal policies from observational data, but challenges related to interpretability and evaluation limit its practical use in safety-critical domains. Interpretability is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Anton Matsson , Yaochen Rao , Heather J. Litman , Fredrik D. Johansson

Recent developments in generative artificial intelligence (AI) rely on machine learning techniques such as deep learning and generative modeling to achieve state-of-the-art performance across wide-ranging domains. These methods' surprising…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-27 Gemma E. Moran , Bryon Aragam

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) achieves tremendous success in sequential decision-making problems of many domains, it still faces key challenges of data inefficiency and the lack of interpretability. Interestingly, many researchers have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Yan Zeng , Ruichu Cai , Fuchun Sun , Libo Huang , Zhifeng Hao

Combining the merits of both denoising diffusion probabilistic models and gradient boosting, the diffusion boosting paradigm is introduced for tackling supervised learning problems. We develop Diffusion Boosted Trees (DBT), which can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-05 Xizewen Han , Mingyuan Zhou

Researchers have demonstrated that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a powerful tool for finding policies that perform well on complex robotic systems. However, these policies are often unpredictable and can induce highly variable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Sean Gillen , Asutay Ozmen , Katie Byl

In this paper, we propose a generic model transfer scheme to make Convlutional Neural Networks (CNNs) interpretable, while maintaining their high classification accuracy. We achieve this by building a differentiable decision forest on top…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Yilin Wang , Shaozuo Yu , Xiaokang Yang , Wei Shen

Heterogeneous treatment effect estimation in high-stakes applications demands models that simultaneously optimize precision, interpretability, and calibration. Many existing tree-based causal inference techniques, however, exhibit high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Yichen Liu

Axis-aligned decision forests have long been the leading class of machine learning algorithms for modeling tabular data. In many applications of machine learning such as learning-to-rank, decision forests deliver remarkable performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Sebastian Bruch , Jan Pfeifer , Mathieu Guillame-bert

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve remarkable inference-time improvements through parallel thinking. However, existing methods rely on redundant sampling of reasoning trajectories, failing to effectively explore the reasoning space to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zicheng Xu , Xiuyi Lou , Guanchu Wang , Yu-Neng Chuang , Feng Luo , Guangyao Zheng , Alexander S. Szalay , Zirui Liu , Vladimir Braverman

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) involves the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to make sequential decisions in order to maximize reward. For many tasks the resulting sequence of actions produced by a Deep RL policy can be long and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Sam Blakeman , Denis Mareschal

Deep Learning has become overly complicated and has enjoyed stellar success in solving several classical problems like image classification, object detection, etc. Several methods for explaining these decisions have been proposed. Black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Siddhant Agarwal , Owais Iqbal , Sree Aditya Buridi , Madda Manjusha , Abir Das

As a modern ensemble technique, Deep Forest (DF) employs a cascading structure to construct deep models, providing stronger representational power compared to traditional decision forests. However, its greedy multi-layer learning procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Hongyu Zhu , Sichu Liang , Wentao Hu , Fang-Qi Li , Yali yuan , Shi-Lin Wang , Guang Cheng

Interpretability of reinforcement learning policies is essential for many real-world tasks but learning such interpretable policies is a hard problem. Particularly rule-based policies such as decision trees and rules lists are difficult to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Daniël Vos , Sicco Verwer

Skilled robot task learning is best implemented by predictive action policies due to the inherent latency of sensorimotor processes. However, training such predictive policies is challenging as it involves finding a trajectory of motor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Ali Ghadirzadeh , Atsuto Maki , Danica Kragic , Mårten Björkman

Dependency-aware job scheduling in the cluster is NP-hard. Recent work shows that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is capable of solving it. It is difficult for the administrator to understand the DRL-based policy even though it achieves…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Shaojun Zhang , Chen Wang , Albert Zomaya
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