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Machine learning models, particularly the black-box models, are widely favored for their outstanding predictive capabilities. However, they often face scrutiny and criticism due to the lack of interpretability. Paradoxically, their strong…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-17 Xuetao Lu , J. Jack Lee

How to obtain a model with good interpretability and performance has always been an important research topic. In this paper, we propose rectified decision trees (ReDT), a knowledge distillation based decision trees rectification with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Jiawang Bai , Yiming Li , Jiawei Li , Yong Jiang , Shutao Xia

Recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be largely attributed to the use of neural networks. However, this black-box approach fails to explain the learned policy in a human understandable way. To address this challenge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Zhihao Ma , Yuzheng Zhuang , Paul Weng , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Dong Li , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao

Recent advances in Reinforcement Learning (RL) largely benefit from the inclusion of Deep Neural Networks, boosting the number of novel approaches proposed in the field of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). These techniques demonstrate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Giovanni Dispoto , Paolo Bonetti , Marcello Restelli

With the ongoing energy transition, demand-side flexibility has become an important aspect of the modern power grid for providing grid support and allowing further integration of sustainable energy sources. Besides traditional sources, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-19 Gargya Gokhale , Bert Claessens , Chris Develder

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has gained great success by learning directly from high-dimensional sensory inputs, yet is notorious for the lack of interpretability. Interpretability of the subtasks is critical in hierarchical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Daoming Lyu , Fangkai Yang , Bo Liu , Steven Gustafson

Owe to the recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence especially deep learning, many data-driven decision support systems have been implemented to facilitate medical doctors in delivering personalized care. We focus on the deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Siqi Liu , Kee Yuan Ngiam , Mengling Feng

Deep neural networks (DNNs) and decision trees (DTs) are both state-of-the-art classifiers. DNNs perform well due to their representational learning capabilities, while DTs are computationally efficient as they perform inference along one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Noam Gottlieb , Michael Werman

The advancement of robots, particularly those functioning in complex human-centric environments, relies on control solutions that are driven by machine learning. Understanding how learning-based controllers make decisions is crucial since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Wei Xiao , Tim Seyde , Ramin Hasani , Daniela Rus

Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) provide a systematic approach for making sequential treatment decisions that adapt to individual patient characteristics, particularly in clinical contexts where survival outcomes are of interest.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Animesh Kumar Paul , Russell Greiner

Using Machine Learning systems in the real world can often be problematic, with inexplicable black-box models, the assumed certainty of imperfect measurements, or providing a single classification instead of a probability distribution. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Jonathan S. Kent , David H. Menager

Tabular foundation models are becoming increasingly popular for low-resource tabular problems. These models make up for small training datasets by pretraining on large volumes of synthetic data. The prior knowledge obtained via pretraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 George Yakushev , Alina Shutova , Ivan Rubachev , Natalia Bereberdina , Renat Sergazinov , Artem Babenko

Decision trees (DTs) embody interpretable classifiers. DTs have been advocated for deployment in high-risk applications, but also for explaining other complex classifiers. Nevertheless, recent work has demonstrated that predictions in DTs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Yacine Izza , Alexey Ignatiev , Nina Narodytska , Martin C. Cooper , Joao Marques-Silva

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a popular machine learning paradigm where intelligent agents interact with the environment to fulfill a long-term goal. Driven by the resurgence of deep learning, Deep RL (DRL) has witnessed great success over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yunpeng Qing , Shunyu Liu , Jie Song , Yang Zhou , Kaixuan Chen , Huiqiong Wang , Mingli Song

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved impressive success in many applications. A key component of many DRL models is a neural network representing a Q function, to estimate the expected cumulative reward following a state-action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Guiliang Liu , Oliver Schulte , Wang Zhu , Qingcan Li

Decision trees and random forest remain highly competitive for classification on medium-sized, standard datasets due to their robustness, minimal preprocessing requirements, and interpretability. However, a single tree suffers from high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Cencheng Shen , Yuexiao Dong , Carey E. Priebe

Direct policy search (DPS) and look-ahead tree (LT) policies are two widely used classes of techniques to produce high performance policies for sequential decision-making problems. To make DPS approaches work well, one crucial issue is to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Tobias Jung , Louis Wehenkel , Damien Ernst , Francis Maes

Decision tree learning is a popular classification technique most commonly used in machine learning applications. Recent work has shown that decision trees can be used to represent provably-correct controllers concisely. Compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Pranav Ashok , Mathias Jackermeier , Pushpak Jagtap , Jan Křetínský , Maximilian Weininger , Majid Zamani

To increase the interpretability and prediction accuracy of the Machine Learning (ML) models, visualization of ML models is a key part of the ML process. Decision Trees (DTs) are essential in machine learning (ML) because they are used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Boris Kovalerchuk Andrew Dunn , Alex Worland , Sridevi Wagle

Recent advances have shown how decision trees are apt data structures for concisely representing strategies (or controllers) satisfying various objectives. Moreover, they also make the strategy more explainable. The recent tool dtControl…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Pranav Ashok , Mathias Jackermeier , Jan Křetínský , Christoph Weinhuber , Maximilian Weininger , Mayank Yadav