Related papers: From Plato's Rational Diameter to Proclus' Elegant…
Diophantine approximation explores how well irrational numbers can be approximated by rationals, with foundational results by Dirichlet, Hurwitz, and Liouville culminating in Roth's theorem. Schmidt's subspace theorem extends Roth's results…
In this paper we intend to connect two different strands of research concerning the origin of what I shall loosely call "formal" ideas: firstly, the relation between logic and rhetoric - the theme of the 2006 Cambridge conference to which…
We produce an infinite family of transcendental numbers which, when raised to their own power, become rational. We extend the method, to investigate positive rational solutions to the equation $x^x = \alpha$, where $\alpha$ is a fixed…
This work is motivated by a paper of Davenport and Schmidt, which treats the question of when Dirichlet's theorems on the rational approximation of one or of two irrationals can be improved and if so, by how much. We consider a…
We present a method for the direct extraction of rational contributions to one-loop scattering amplitudes, missed by standard four-dimensional unitarity techniques. We use generalised unitarity in $D=4-2\e$ dimensions to write the loop…
In this note, we use Rouch\'e's theorem and the pleasant properties of the arithmetic of the logarithmic derivative to establish several new results regarding the geometry of the zeros, poles, and critical points of a rational function.…
For any particularly interesting theorem one proof is never enough. Instead, the first proof sets the challenge to find a more elegant method that illuminates subtle features of the math, is simpler to understand, or even avoids using…
The mathematical study of infinity seems to have the ability to transport the mind to lofty and unusual realms. Decades ago, I was transported in this way by Rudy Rucker's book Infinity and the Mind. Despite much subsequent learning and…
Computability logic is a formal theory of computability. The earlier article "Introduction to cirquent calculus and abstract resource semantics" by Japaridze proved soundness and completeness for the basic fragment CL5 of computability…
Pick's astonishing theorem explains how to obtain the area of any integer polygon by counting lattice points. It is a notoriously difficult challenge to translate the geometric statement and intuitive reasoning into a formal statement and…
We consider a problem posed by Erd\H{o}s, Herzog and Piranian on the maximum product of distances of a point set of order $n$ with a given diameter. We prove that it is sufficient to consider convex polygons and obtain results on the…
The number of sequences of odd length in strict partitions (denoted as $\mathrm{sol}$), which plays a pivotal role in the first paper of this series, is investigated in different contexts, both new and old. Namely, we first note a direct…
Motivated by a question of van der Poorten about the existence of infinite chain of prime numbers (with respect to some base), in this paper we advance the study of sequences of consecutive polynomials whose coefficients are chosen…
The high-energy parton-parton scattering amplitude can be described, in the c.m.s., by the expectation value of two infinite Wilson lines, running along the classical trajectories of the two colliding particles. The above description…
It has been a well-known fact since Euclid's time that there exist infinitely many rational primes. Two natural questions arise: In which other rings, sufficiently similar to the integers, are there infinitely many irreducible elements? Is…
One often sees a sharp distinction in mathematics between descriptions from the outside and from the inside. Think of defining a set in the plane through an algebraic equation, or dynamically as the closure of the orbit of some point under…
Loop calculations involve the evaluation of divergent integrals. Usually [1] one computes them in a number of dimensions different than four where the integral is convergent and then one performs the analytical continuation and considers…
The lambda-PRK-calculus is a typed lambda-calculus that exploits the duality between the notions of proof and refutation to provide a computational interpretation for classical propositional logic. In this work, we extend lambda-PRK to…
It is a classical fact that the irrationality of a number $\xi\in\mathbb R$ follows from the existence of a sequence $p_n/q_n$ with integral $p_n$ and $q_n$ such that $q_n\xi-p_n\ne0$ for all $n$ and $q_n\xi-p_n\to0$ as $n\to\infty$. In…
{\bf In the fourth extended version of this article, we provide a comprehensive historical survey of 200 different proofs of famous Euclid's theorem on the infinitude of prime numbers (300 {\small B.C.}--2022)}. The author is trying to…