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Most existing object detectors suffer from class imbalance problems that hinder balanced performance. In particular, anchor free object detectors have to solve the background imbalance problem due to detection in a per-pixel prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Hopyong Gil , Sangwoo Park , Yusang Park , Wongoo Han , Juyean Hong , Juneyoung Jung

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training of machine learning models over decentralized devices without exposing their local data. One of the major challenges in FL is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized clients without sharing private data. However, FL suffers from biased global models due to non-IID and long-tail data distributions. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jingrui Zhang , Yimeng Xu , Shujie Li , Feng Liang , Haihan Duan , Yanjie Dong , Victor C. M. Leung , Xiping Hu

Federated learning is a paradigm of joint learning in which clients collaborate by sharing model parameters instead of data. However, in the non-iid setting, the global model experiences client drift, which can seriously affect the final…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiaze Li , Haoran Xu , Wanyi Wu , Changwei Wang , Shuaiguang Li , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan , Youyang Qu , Longxiang Gao , Xudong Yang , Lumin Xing

Federated Learning (FL) provides decentralised model training, which effectively tackles problems such as distributed data and privacy preservation. However, the generalisation of global models frequently faces challenges from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

Data heterogeneity across clients in federated learning (FL) settings is a widely acknowledged challenge. In response, personalized federated learning (PFL) emerged as a framework to curate local models for clients' tasks. In PFL, a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yutong Dai , Zeyuan Chen , Junnan Li , Shelby Heinecke , Lichao Sun , Ran Xu

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized training of machine learning models on distributed data while preserving privacy. However, in real-world FL settings, client data is often non-identically distributed and imbalanced, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Gergely D. Németh , Eros Fanì , Yeat Jeng Ng , Barbara Caputo , Miguel Ángel Lozano , Nuria Oliver , Novi Quadrianto

Federated Learning (FL) is a rising approach towards collaborative and privacy-preserving machine learning where large-scale medical datasets remain localized to each client. However, the issue of data heterogeneity among clients often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shuang Zeng , Pengxin Guo , Shuai Wang , Jianbo Wang , Yuyin Zhou , Liangqiong Qu

Class-imbalance is one of the major challenges in real world datasets, where a few classes (called majority classes) constitute much more data samples than the rest (called minority classes). Learning deep neural networks using such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Saptarshi Sinha , Hiroki Ohashi , Katsuyuki Nakamura

We present a new loss function called Distribution-Balanced Loss for the multi-label recognition problems that exhibit long-tailed class distributions. Compared to conventional single-label classification problem, multi-label recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Tong Wu , Qingqiu Huang , Ziwei Liu , Yu Wang , Dahua Lin

Federated Learning (FL) aims at unburdening the training of deep models by distributing computation across multiple devices (clients) while safeguarding data privacy. On top of that, Federated Continual Learning (FCL) also accounts for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Riccardo Salami , Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Mosconi , Mattia Verasani , Simone Calderara

Federated Learning (FL) is a novel approach that allows for collaborative machine learning while preserving data privacy by leveraging models trained on decentralized devices. However, FL faces challenges due to non-uniformly distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Changlin Song , Divya Saxena , Jiannong Cao , Yuqing Zhao

Different from large-scale classification tasks, fine-grained visual classification is a challenging task due to two critical problems: 1) evident intra-class variances and subtle inter-class differences, and 2) overfitting owing to fewer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hang Yao , Qiguang Miao , Peipei Zhao , Chaoneng Li , Xin Li , Guanwen Feng , Ruyi Liu

Contrastive learning is a major studied topic in metric learning. However, sampling effective contrastive pairs remains a challenge due to factors such as limited batch size, imbalanced data distribution, and the risk of overfitting. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Bolun Cai , Pengfei Xiong , Shangxuan Tian

Federated Learning (FL) is a powerful framework for privacy-preserving distributed learning. It enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without sharing raw data. However, handling noisy labels in FL remains a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Seunghun Yu , Jin-Hyun Ahn , Joonhyuk Kang

Federated learning-based semantic segmentation (FSS) has drawn widespread attention via decentralized training on local clients. However, most FSS models assume categories are fixed in advance, thus heavily undergoing forgetting on old…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Jiahua Dong , Duzhen Zhang , Yang Cong , Wei Cong , Henghui Ding , Dengxin Dai

The focal-loss has become a widely used alternative to cross-entropy in class-imbalanced classification problems, particularly in computer vision. Despite its empirical success, a systematic information-theoretic study of the focal-loss…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jaimin Shah , Martina Cardone , Alex Dytso

Federated learning (FL), training deep models from decentralized data without privacy leakage, has shown great potential in medical image computing recently. However, considering the ubiquitous class imbalance in medical data, FL can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Nannan Wu , Li Yu , Xin Yang , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Zengqiang Yan

Federated learning (FL) has obtained tremendous progress in providing collaborative training solutions for distributed data silos with privacy guarantees. However, few existing works explore a more realistic scenario where the clients hold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Liwei Che , Jiaqi Wang , Xinyue Liu , Fenglong Ma

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients while preserving data privacy. However, data and system heterogeneity often cause catastrophic forgetting and unbounded drift in model updates, leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Taehwan Yoon , Bongjun Choi , Wesley De Neve