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A calculator program has been written to give confidence intervals on branching ratios for rare decay modes (or similar quantities) calculated from the number of events observed, the acceptance factor, the background estimate and the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2011-07-19 Roger Barlow

For the task of fine-grained entity typing (FET), due to the use of a large number of entity types, it is usually considered too costly to manually annotating a training dataset that contains an ample number of examples for each type. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hongliang Dai , Ziqian Zeng

This paper explores the use of large language models (LLMs) for annotating document utility in training retrieval and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, aiming to reduce dependence on costly human annotations. We address the gap…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hengran Zhang , Minghao Tang , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Shihao Liu , Daiting Shi , Dawei Yin , Xueqi Cheng

Generative large language models (LLMs) can be a powerful tool for augmenting text annotation procedures, but their performance varies across annotation tasks due to prompt quality, text data idiosyncrasies, and conceptual difficulty.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken , Neil Fasching

Efficient verification of the functioning of quantum devices is a key to the development of quantum technologies, but is a daunting task as the system size increases. Here we propose a simple and general framework for verifying unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-17 Huangjun Zhu , Haoyu Zhang

Abstract State Machines (ASMs) have shown to be a suitable high-level specification method for complex, even industrial, systems; the ASMETA framework, supporting several validation and verification activities on ASM models, is an example…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Paolo Arcaini , Riccardo Melioli , Elvinia Riccobene

Text documents, including programs, typically have human-readable semantic structure. Historically, programmatic access to these semantics has required explicit in-document tagging. Especially in systems where the text has an execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Edward Misback , Zachary Tatlock , Steven L. Tanimoto

Instruction tuning has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing large language models in following human instructions. It is shown that increasing the diversity and number of instructions in the training data can consistently enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Shihao Liang , Runchu Tian , Kunlun Zhu , Yujia Qin , Huadong Wang , Xin Cong , Zhiyuan Liu , Xiaojiang Liu , Maosong Sun

Interactive proof assistants are computer programs carefully constructed to check a human-designed proof of a mathematical claim with high confidence in the implementation. However, this only validates truth of a formal claim, which may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Colin S. Gordon , Sergey Matskevich

Gate-defined semiconductor quantum dot (QD) arrays are a promising platform for quantum computing. However, presently, the large configuration spaces and inherent noise make tuning of QD devices a nontrivial task and with the increasing…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-12-19 Brian Weber , Justyna P. Zwolak

Formal specification languages have long languished, due to the grave scalability problems faced by complete verification methods. Runtime verification promises to use formal specifications to automate part of the more scalable art of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-03-30 Howard Barringer , Alex Groce , Klaus Havelund , Margaret Smith

This paper describes in details the design and development of a novel annotation framework and of annotated resources for Internal Displacement, as the outcome of a collaboration with the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, aimed at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Fabio Poletto , Yunbai Zhang , Andre Panisson , Yelena Mejova , Daniela Paolotti , Sylvain Ponserre

Qualitative research delves deeply into individual complex perspectives on technology and various phenomena. However, a meticulous analysis of qualitative data often requires a significant amount of time, especially during the crucial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-12 He Zhang , Chuhao Wu , Jingyi Xie , ChanMin Kim , John M. Carroll

We extended our simulation tool Ntccrt for probabilistic ntcc (pntcc) models. In addition, we developed a verification tool for pntcc models. Using this tool we can prove properties such as the system will go to a successful state with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Mauricio Toro

We present SAINE, an Scientific Annotation and Inference ENgine based on a set of standard open-source software, such as Label Studio and MLflow. We show that our annotation engine can benefit the further development of a more accurate…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Susie Xi Rao , Yilei Tu , Peter H. Egger

Large "instruction-tuned" language models (i.e., finetuned to respond to instructions) have demonstrated a remarkable ability to generalize zero-shot to new tasks. Nevertheless, they depend heavily on human-written instruction data that is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Samaksh Gulati , Anshit Verma , Manoj Parmar , Palash Chaudhary

Semantic code search, retrieving code that matches a given natural language query, is an important task to improve productivity in software engineering. Existing code search datasets face limitations: they rely on human annotators who…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jing Gong , Yanghui Wu , Linxi Liang , Yanlin Wang , Jiachi Chen , Mingwei Liu , Zibin Zheng

When arranging for third-party data annotation, it can be hard to compare how well the competing providers apply best practices to create high-quality datasets. This leads to a "race to the bottom," where competition based solely on price…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Andrew Marc Greene

Many Web portals allow users to associate additional information with existing multimedia resources such as images, audio, and video. However, these portals are usually closed systems and user-generated annotations are almost always kept…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2012-02-29 Bernhard Haslhofer , Robert Sanderson , Rainer Simon , Herbert van de Sompel

We describe an annotation scheme and a tool developed for creating linguistically annotated corpora for non-configurational languages. Since the requirements for such a formalism differ from those posited for configurational languages,…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Wojciech Skut , Brigitte Krenn , Thorsten Brants , Hans Uszkoreit