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To maximize clinical benefit, clinicians routinely tailor treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, where individualized treatment rules are needed and are of significant research interest to statisticians. In the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-23 Trinetri Ghosh , Yanyuan Ma , Rui Song , Pingshou Zhong

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of welfare measures when oligopolistic firms face multiple policy interventions and external changes under general forms of market demands, production costs, and imperfect competition. We present…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2018-12-11 Takanori Adachi , Michal Fabinger

We consider the problem of multi-product dynamic pricing, in a contextual setting, for a seller of differentiated products. In this environment, the customers arrive over time and products are described by high-dimensional feature vectors.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-19 Adel Javanmard , Hamid Nazerzadeh , Simeng Shao

Understanding individual customers' sensitivities to prices, promotions, brands, and other marketing mix elements is fundamental to a wide swath of marketing problems. An important but understudied aspect of this problem is the dynamic…

Applications · Statistics 2024-06-03 Ryan Dew , Yuhao Fan

This paper describes the results of research project on optimal pricing for LLC "Perm Local Rail Company". In this study we propose a regression tree based approach for estimation of demand function for local rail tickets considering high…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-05-31 Evgeniy M. Ozhegov , Alina Ozhegova

Optimizing an interactive system against a predefined online metric is particularly challenging, when the metric is computed from user feedback such as clicks and payments. The key challenge is the counterfactual nature: in the case of Web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-13 Lihong Li , Shunbao Chen , Jim Kleban , Ankur Gupta

Counterfactual distributions are important ingredients for policy analysis and decomposition analysis in empirical economics. In this article we develop modeling and inference tools for counterfactual distributions based on regression…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-23 Victor Chernozhukov , Ivan Fernandez-Val , Blaise Melly

We study the pricing problem faced by a firm that sells a large number of products, described via a wide range of features, to customers that arrive over time. Customers independently make purchasing decisions according to a general choice…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-03 Adel Javanmard , Hamid Nazerzadeh

Estimating how a treatment affects units individually, known as heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) estimation, is an essential part of decision-making and policy implementation. The accumulation of large amounts of data in many domains,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Christopher Tran , Elena Zheleva

Quantifying the impact of regulatory policies on social welfare generally requires the identification of counterfactual distributions. Many of these policies (e.g. minimum wages or minimum working time) generate mass points and/or…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-25 Dalia Ghanem , Désiré Kédagni , Ismael Mourifié

When there are resource constraints, it is important to rank or estimate treatment benefits according to patient characteristics. This facilitates prioritization of assigning different treatments. Most existing literature on individualized…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-05 Muxuan Liang , Menggang Yu

Synthetic control (SC) methods have been widely applied to estimate the causal effect of large-scale interventions, e.g., the state-wide effect of a change in policy. The idea of synthetic controls is to approximate one unit's…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-15 Claudia Shi , Dhanya Sridhar , Vishal Misra , David M. Blei

Counterfactual explanations can be obtained by identifying the smallest change made to a feature vector to qualitatively influence a prediction; for example, from 'loan rejected' to 'awarded' or from 'high risk of cardiovascular disease' to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Martin Pawelczyk , Johannes Haug , Klaus Broelemann , Gjergji Kasneci

Algorithmic risk assessments are increasingly used to help humans make decisions in high-stakes settings, such as medicine, criminal justice and education. In each of these cases, the purpose of the risk assessment tool is to inform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-13 Amanda Coston , Alan Mishler , Edward H. Kennedy , Alexandra Chouldechova

Counterfactual explanations are a widely used approach in Explainable AI, offering actionable insights into decision-making by illustrating how small changes to input data can lead to different outcomes. Despite their importance, evaluating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Marharyta Domnich , Rasmus Moorits Veski , Julius Välja , Kadi Tulver , Raul Vicente

We consider price competition among multiple sellers over a selling horizon of $T$ periods. In each period, sellers simultaneously offer their prices (which are made public) and subsequently observe their respective demand (not made…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Daniele Bracale , Moulinath Banerjee , Cong Shi , Yuekai Sun

We are interested in the effect of consumer demand estimation error for new products in the context of production planning. An inventory model is proposed, whereby demand is influenced by price and advertising. The effect of parameter…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-10-23 Antoine Deza , Kai Huang , Michael R. Metel

In this paper we discuss recent developments in econometrics that we view as important for empirical researchers working on policy evaluation questions. We focus on three main areas, where in each case we highlight recommendations for…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-26 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

Causal inference, or counterfactual prediction, is central to decision making in healthcare, policy and social sciences. To de-bias causal estimators with high-dimensional data in observational studies, recent advances suggest the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-20 Shuxi Zeng , Serge Assaad , Chenyang Tao , Shounak Datta , Lawrence Carin , Fan Li

This paper tackles challenges in pricing and revenue projections due to consumer uncertainty. We propose a novel data-based approach for firms facing unknown consumer type distributions. Unlike existing methods, we assume firms only observe…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-05-28 Duarte Gonçalves , Bruno A. Furtado