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SNCF, the French public train company, is experimenting to develop new types of transportation services by tackling vehicle routing problems. While many deep learning models have been used to tackle efficiently vehicle routing problems, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Baptiste Rabecq , Rémy Chevrier

Combinatorial optimization has found applications in numerous fields, from aerospace to transportation planning and economics. The goal is to find an optimal solution among a finite set of possibilities. The well-known challenge one faces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Quentin Cappart , Thierry Moisan , Louis-Martin Rousseau , Isabeau Prémont-Schwarz , Andre Cire

In many applications of vehicle routing, a set of time windows are feasible for each visit, giving rise to the Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Time Windows (VRPMTW). We argue that such disjunctions are problematic for many solution…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-13 Rune Larsen , Dario Pacino

Routing problems are a class of combinatorial problems with many practical applications. Recently, end-to-end deep learning methods have been proposed to learn approximate solution heuristics for such problems. In contrast, classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Wouter Kool , Herke van Hoof , Joaquim Gromicho , Max Welling

In this paper, we present formulations and an exact method to solve the Time Dependent Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Window (TD-TSPTW) under a generic travel cost function where waiting is allowed. A particular case in which the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Duc Minh Vu , Mike Hewitt , Duc Duy Vu

The traveling salesman problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem with strong exact algorithms. However, as problems scale up, these exact algorithms fail to provide a solution in a reasonable time. To resolve this, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yong Liang Goh , Wee Sun Lee , Xavier Bresson , Thomas Laurent , Nicholas Lim

Orienteering is the following optimization problem: given an edge-weighted graph (directed or undirected), two nodes s,t and a time limit T, find an s-t walk of total length at most T that maximizes the number of distinct nodes visited by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-12-03 Chandra Chekuri , Nitish Korula

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CVRPTW) is a classic NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem widely applied in logistics distribution and transportation management. Its complexity stems from the constraints of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Linjiang Cao , Maonan Wang , Xi Xiong

Combinatorial optimization problems like the Traveling Salesman Problem are critical in industry yet NP-hard. Neural Combinatorial Optimization has shown promise, but its reliance on online reinforcement learning (RL) hampers deployment and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Hironori Ohigashi , Shinichiro Hamada

End-to-end training of neural network solvers for graph combinatorial optimization problems such as the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) have seen a surge of interest recently, but remain intractable and inefficient beyond graphs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Chaitanya K. Joshi , Quentin Cappart , Louis-Martin Rousseau , Thomas Laurent

This paper presents a new method for solving an orienteering problem (OP) by breaking it down into two parts: a knapsack problem (KP) and a traveling salesman problem (TSP). A KP solver is responsible for picking nodes, while a TSP solver…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Wei Liu , Tao Zhang , Rui Wang , Kaiwen Li , Wenhua Li , Kang Yang

The Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimization problem that captures the interplay between routing and packing decisions by combining the classical Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and the Knapsack Problem (KP). The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jan Eube , Kelin Luo , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann , Heiko Röglin

Multi-vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (MVRPSTW) is an indispensable constituent in urban logistics distribution systems. Over the past decade, numerous methods for MVRPSTW have been proposed, but most are based on heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ke Zhang , Meng Li , Zhengchao Zhang , Xi Lin , Fang He

This paper presents a parallel memetic algorithm for solving the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). The VRPTW is a well-known NP-hard discrete optimization problem with two objectives. The main objective is to minimize the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Jakub Nalepa , Zbigniew J. Czech

Routing problems are optimization problems that consider a set of goals in a graph to be visited by a vehicle (or a fleet of them) in an optimal way, while numerous constraints have to be satisfied. We present a solution based on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Miroslav Kulich , Roman Sushkov , Libor Přeučil

The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is one of the best-known combinatorial optimisation problems. However, many real-world problems are composed of several interacting components. The Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) addresses such…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Jakob Bossek , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann

Many real-world vehicle routing problems involve rich sets of constraints with respect to the capacities of the vehicles, time windows for customers etc. While in recent years first machine learning models have been developed to solve basic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Jonas K. Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

This paper presents a novel learning-based trajectory planning framework for quadrotors that combines model-based optimization techniques with deep learning. Specifically, we formulate the trajectory optimization problem as a quadratic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yuwei Wu , Xiatao Sun , Igor Spasojevic , Vijay Kumar

We propose a manager-worker framework based on deep reinforcement learning to tackle a hard yet nontrivial variant of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), \ie~multiple-vehicle TSP with time window and rejections (mTSPTWR), where customers who…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Rongkai Zhang , Cong Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Wen Song , Puay Siew Tan , Jie Zhang , Bihan Wen , Justin Dauwels

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical combinatorial optimisation problem. Deep learning has been successfully extended to meta-learning, where previous solving efforts assist in learning how to optimise future optimisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , A. K. Qin , Tabinda Sarwar