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Modern imaging systems can be enhanced in efficiency, compactness, and application through introduction of multilayer nanopatterned structures for manipulation of light based on its fundamental properties. High transmission efficiency…

By co-designing a meta-optical front end in conjunction with an image-processing back end, we demonstrate noise sensitivity and compactness substantially superior to either an optics-only or a computation-only approach, illustrated by two…

Arbitrary manipulation of light across multiple physical dimensions is essential for harnessing its parallelism in fundamental research and advanced applications, such as optical interconnects, computing, imaging, sensing, and quantum…

The development of low-loss reconfigurable integrated optical devices enables further research into technologies including photonic signal processing, analogue quantum computing, and optical neural networks. Here, we introduce digital…

As standard microelectronic technology approaches fundamental limitations in speed and power consumption, novel computing strategies are strongly needed. Analog optical computing enables processing large amounts of data at a negligible…

Metasurfaces provide the disruptive technology enabling miniaturization of complex cascades of optical elements on a plane. We leverage the benefits of such a surface to develop a planar integrated photonic beam collimator for on-chip…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Robin Singh , Yuqi Nie , Anuradha Murthy Agarwal , Brian W Anthony

Our visual perception of our surroundings is ultimately limited by the diffraction limit, which stipulates that optical information smaller than roughly half the illumination wavelength is not retrievable. Over the past decades, many…

Subwavelength diffractive optics known as meta-optics have demonstrated the potential to significantly miniaturize imaging systems. However, despite impressive demonstrations, most meta-optical imaging systems suffer from strong chromatic…

The complexity of applications addressed with photonic integrated circuits is steadily rising and poses increasingly challenging demands on individual component functionality, performance and footprint. Inverse design methods have recently…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-10 Marco Butz , Adrian S. Abazi , Rene Ross , Benjamin Risse , Carsten Schuck

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved into a critical technology; however, electrical hardware struggles to keep pace with the exponential growth of AI models. Free space optical hardware provides alternative approaches for…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-07 Xue Dong , Kai Lion , Fei Xia , YoonSeok Baek , Ziao Wang , Niao He , Sylvain Gigan

Rapid developments in machine vision have led to advances in a variety of industries, from medical image analysis to autonomous systems. These achievements, however, typically necessitate digital neural networks with heavy computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Hanyu Zheng , Quan Liu , Ivan I. Kravchenko , Xiaomeng Zhang , Yuankai Huo , Jason G. Valentine

Algorithmic differentiable ray tracing is a new paradigm that allows one to solve the forward problem of how light propagates through an optical system while obtaining gradients of the simulation results with respect to parameters…

Optics · Physics 2023-09-26 Bart de Koning , Alexander Heemels , Aurèle Adam , Matthias Möller

As the explosive growth of visual data increasingly strains the latency and energy limits of conventional electronic computing, optical analog computing has re-emerged as a disruptive paradigm for zero-power, speed-of-light information…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-21 Tingting Liu , Jumin Qiu , Xintong Shi , Qiegen Liu , Shuyuan Xiao

High-contrast imaging instruments need extreme wavefront control to directly image exoplanets. This requires highly sensitive wavefront sensors which optimally make use of the available photons to sense the wavefront. Here, we propose to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-14 Rico Landman , Christoph Keller , Emiel H. Por , Sebastiaan Haffert , David Doelman , Thijs Stockmans

We introduce a novel technique for designing color filter metasurfaces using a data-driven approach based on deep learning. Our innovative approach employs inverse design principles to identify highly efficient designs that outperform all…

In order to obtain a metasurface structure capable of filtering the light of a specific wavelength in the visible band, traditional method usually traverses the space consisting of possible designs, searching for a potentially satisfying…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Xiao Han , Ziyang Fan , Chao Li , Zeyang Liu , L. Jay Guo

Electromagnetic metasurfaces have attracted significant interest recently due to their low profile and advantageous applications. Practically, many metasurface designs start with a set of constraints for the radiated far-field, such as…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-04-04 Stewart Pearson , Parinaz Naseri , Sean V. Hum

Research in photonic computing has flourished due to the proliferation of optoelectronic components on photonic integration platforms. Photonic integrated circuits have enabled ultrafast artificial neural networks, providing a framework for…

As an increasingly powerful technique in integrated photonics, inverse design uses optimization algorithms to automatically create compact, high-performance photonic structures, often yielding non-intuitive layouts far more compact than…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-03 Junho Park , Taehan Kim , Mohammad Ali , Di Liang

Metasurfaces have enabled precise electromagnetic wave manipulation with strong potential to obtain unprecedented functionalities and multifunctional behavior in flat optical devices. These advantages in precision and functionality come at…