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We consider Mahler functions $f(z)$ which solve the functional equation $f(z) = \frac{A(z)}{B(z)} f(z^d)$ where $\frac{A(z)}{B(z)}\in \mathbb{Q}(z)$ and $d\ge 2$ is integer. We prove that for any integer $b$ with $|b|\ge 2$ either $f(b)$ is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-11 Dzmitry Badziahin

Meromorphic solutions of non-linear differential equations of the form $f^n+P(z,f)=h$ are investigated, where $n\geq 2$ is an integer, $h$ is a meromorphic function, and $P(z,f)$ is differential polynomial in $f$ and its derivatives with…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2019-11-25 Janne Heittokangas , Zinelaabidine Latreuch , Jun Wang , Mohamed Amine Zemirni

We will consider first-order difference equations of the form \[ y(z+1) = \frac{\lambda y(z)+a_2(z)y(z)^2+\cdots+a_p(z)y(z)^p}{1 + b_1(z)y(z)+\cdots+b_q(z)y(z)^q}, \] where $\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}$ and the coefficients $a_j(z)$…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Rod Halburd , Risto Korhonen , Yan Liu , Techheang Meng

We consider the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov system of linear differential equations. The coefficients of this system are rational functions. We prove that under some conditions the solution of KZ system is rational too. We give the method of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2011-04-05 Lev Sakhnovich

Let f be a function transcendental and meromorphic in the plane, and define g(z) by g(z) = f(z+1) - f(z). A number of results are proved concerning the existence of zeros of g(z) or g(z)/f(z), in terms of the growth and the poles of f.

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2016-07-06 Walter Bergweiler , J. K. Langley

This paper explores a class of rational functions r(s(z)) with degree mn, where s(z) is a polynomial of degree m. Inequalities are derived for rational functions with specified poles, extending and refining previous results in the eld.

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-02-21 Preeti Gupta

We show that if any four distinct solutions of a rational difference equation are algebraically independent, then any number of distinct solutions to the equation are independent. A nontrivial variant of this result is given for autonomous…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-23 James Freitag

Suppose L is any finite algebraic extension of either the ordinary rational numbers or the p-adic rational numbers. Also let g_1,...,g_k be polynomials in n variables, with coefficients in L, such that the total number of monomial terms…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Maurice Rojas

This article contains the theorems which shows that when $A(z)=h_1(z)e^{P_1(z)}$ and $B(z)=h_0(z)e^{P_0(z)}$ are of same order,then all the non-trivial solutions of equation $f"+A(z)f'+B(z)f=0$ are of infinite order. Moreover we extend…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2021-11-30 Naveen Mehra , S. K. Chanyal

We investigate the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov linear differential system. The coefficients of this system are rational functions. We prove that the solution of the KZ system is rational when $k$ is equal to two and $n$ is equal to three. While…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andrey Tydnyuk

Answering a question asked by Hsia and Tucker in their paper on the finiteness of greatest common divisors of iterates of polynomials, we prove that if $f, g \in \mathbb{C}(X)$ are compositionally independent rational functions and $c \in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Chatchai Noytaptim , Xiao Zhong

In this paper we give a conditional improvement to the Elekes-Szab\'{o} problem over the rationals, assuming the Uniformity Conjecture. Our main result states that for $F\in \mathbb{Q}[x,y,z]$ belonging to a particular family of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-20 Mehdi Makhul , Oliver Roche-Newton , Sophie Stevens , Audie Warren

We consider Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov system of linear differential equations. The coefficients of this system are rational functions. We prove that under some conditions the solution of KZ system is rational too. This assertion confirms…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lev Sakhnovich

Let $r_1,\ldots,r_s:\mathbb{Z}_{n\geqslant 0}\to\mathbb{C}$ be linearly recurrent sequences whose associated eigenvalues have arguments in $\pi\mathbb{Q}$ and let $F(z):=\sum_{n\geqslant 0}f(n)z^n$, where $f(n)\in\{r_1(n),\ldots,$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-05 Michael Coons

The valence of a function f at a point $z_0$ is the number of distinct, finite solutions to $f(z) = z_0.$ In this paper, we bound the valence of complex-valued harmonic polynomials in the plane for some special harmonic polynomials of the…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Oluma Ararso Alemu

We prove several conjectures made by Z.-W. Sun on the existence of permutations conditioned by certain rational functions. Furthermore, we fully characterize all integer values of the "inverse difference" rational function. Our proofs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-08 Guo-Niu Han

Two rational functions $f,g\in\Bbb F_q(X)$ are said to be {\em equivalent} if there exist $\phi,\psi\in\Bbb F_q(X)$ of degree one such that $g=\phi\circ f\circ\psi$. We give an explicit formula for the number of equivalence classes of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-27 Xiang-dong Hou

The paper determines all meromorphic functions with finitely many zeros in the plane having the property that a linear differential polynomial in the function, of order at least 3 and with rational functions as coefficients, also has…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2018-02-05 J. K. Langley

We show a necessary and sufficient condition on the existence of finite order entire solutions of linear differential equations $$ f^{(n)}+a_{n-1}f^{(n-1)}+\cdots+a_1f'+a_0f=0,\eqno(+) $$ where $a_i$ are exponential sums for…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2024-12-23 Xing-Yu Li , Jun Wang , Zhi-Tao Wen

In the paper, we find out the precise form of the finite order entire solutions of the following differential-difference equation \[f^{(k)}(z)=\sideset{}{^n_{j=0}}{\sum} a_j f(z+jc),\] where $a_0, a_1,\ldots,a_n(\neq 0)\in\mathbb{C}$. Also…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Junfeng Xu , Sujoy Majumder , Debabrata Pramanik