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Natural language is inherently a discrete symbolic representation of human knowledge. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and in natural language processing (NLP) seem to contradict the above intuition: discrete symbols are fading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Lorenzo Ferrone , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto

We present dPASP, a novel declarative probabilistic logic programming framework for differentiable neuro-symbolic reasoning. The framework allows for the specification of discrete probabilistic models with neural predicates, logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Renato Lui Geh , Jonas Gonçalves , Igor Cataneo Silveira , Denis Deratani Mauá , Fabio Gagliardi Cozman

Although deep reinforcement learning has been shown to be effective, the model's black-box nature presents barriers to direct policy interpretation. To address this problem, we propose a neuro-symbolic approach called neural DNF-MT for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Kexin Gu Baugh , Luke Dickens , Alessandra Russo

We consider the problem of combining machine learning models to perform higher-level cognitive tasks with clear specifications. We propose the novel problem of Visual Discrimination Puzzles (VDP) that requires finding interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Adithya Murali , Atharva Sehgal , Paul Krogmeier , P. Madhusudan

In this paper, a deep neural network approach and a neuro-symbolic one are proposed for classification and regression. The neuro-symbolic predictive models based on Logic Tensor Networks are capable of discriminating and in the same time of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Eduard Hogea , Darian Onchis

Recent advances in neural symbolic learning, such as DeepProbLog, extend probabilistic logic programs with neural predicates. Like graphical models, these probabilistic logic programs define a probability distribution over possible worlds,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Thomas Winters , Giuseppe Marra , Robin Manhaeve , Luc De Raedt

Deep neural networks work well at approximating complicated functions when provided with data and trained by gradient descent methods. At the same time, there is a vast amount of existing functions that programmatically solve different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Alon Jacovi , Guy Hadash , Einat Kermany , Boaz Carmeli , Ofer Lavi , George Kour , Jonathan Berant

Neural network-based methods for solving differential equations have been gaining traction. They work by improving the differential equation residuals of a neural network on a sample of points in each iteration. However, most of them employ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Kshitij Parwani , Pavlos Protopapas

Symbolic regression (SR) is the process of discovering hidden relationships from data with mathematical expressions, which is considered an effective way to reach interpretable machine learning (ML). Genetic programming (GP) has been the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Peng Zeng , Xiaotian Song , Andrew Lensen , Yuwei Ou , Yanan Sun , Mengjie Zhang , Jiancheng Lv

Injecting discrete logical constraints into neural network learning is one of the main challenges in neuro-symbolic AI. We find that a straight-through-estimator, a method introduced to train binary neural networks, could effectively be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Zhun Yang , Joohyung Lee , Chiyoun Park

Many computational tasks benefit from being formulated as the composition of neural networks followed by a discrete symbolic program. The goal of neurosymbolic learning is to train the neural networks using end-to-end input-output labels of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Seewon Choi , Alaia Solko-Breslin , Rajeev Alur , Eric Wong

We introduce a new family of deep neural network models. Instead of specifying a discrete sequence of hidden layers, we parameterize the derivative of the hidden state using a neural network. The output of the network is computed using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Ricky T. Q. Chen , Yulia Rubanova , Jesse Bettencourt , David Duvenaud

Deep neural learning uses an increasing amount of computation and data to solve very specific problems. By stark contrast, human minds solve a wide range of problems using a fixed amount of computation and limited experience. One ability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Zihan Ye , Hikaru Shindo , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Based on neural network and adaptive subspace approximation method, we propose a new machine learning method for solving partial differential equations. The neural network is adopted to build the basis of the finite dimensional subspace.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Zhongshuo Lin , Yifan Wang , Hehu Xie

The mathematical representation of semantics is a key issue for Natural Language Processing (NLP). A lot of research has been devoted to finding ways of representing the semantics of individual words in vector spaces. Distributional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-11-13 Karl Moritz Hermann

Gradient Symbolic Computation is proposed as a means of solving discrete global optimization problems using a neurally plausible continuous stochastic dynamical system. Gradient symbolic dynamics involves two free parameters that must be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-12 Paul Tupper , Paul Smolensky , Pyeong Whan Cho

Deep learning has become a pivotal technology in fields such as computer vision, scientific computing, and dynamical systems, significantly advancing these disciplines. However, neural Networks persistently face challenges related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yongshuai Liu , Lianfang Wang , Kuilin Qin , Qinghua Zhang , Faqiang Wang , Li Cui , Jun Liu , Yuping Duan , Tieyong Zeng

In symbolic regression, the goal is to find an analytical expression that accurately fits experimental data with the minimal use of mathematical symbols such as operators, variables, and constants. However, the combinatorial space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Tommaso Bendinelli , Luca Biggio , Pierre-Alexandre Kamienny

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao , Lawrence S. Moss

Symbolic Computation algorithms and their implementation in computer algebra systems often contain choices which do not affect the correctness of the output but can significantly impact the resources required: such choices can benefit from…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Tereso del Río , Matthew England