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Explanations for \emph{black-box} models help us understand model decisions as well as provide information on model biases and inconsistencies. Most of the current explainability techniques provide a single level of explanation, often in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Ainkaran Santhirasekaram , Avinash Kori , Andrea Rockall , Mathias Winkler , Francesca Toni , Ben Glocker

As machine learning models increase in scale and complexity, obtaining sufficient training data has become a critical bottleneck due to acquisition costs, privacy constraints, and data scarcity in specialised domains. While synthetic data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Giacomo Savazzi , Eugenio Lomurno , Cristian Sbrolli , Agnese Chiatti , Matteo Matteucci

We develop a theoretical framework that explains how discrete symbolic structures can emerge naturally from continuous neural network training dynamics. By lifting neural parameters to a measure space and modeling training as Wasserstein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Peihao Wang , Zhangyang Wang

Neuro-encoded expression programming(NEEP) that aims to offer a novel continuous representation of combinatorial encoding for genetic programming methods is proposed in this paper. Genetic programming with linear representation uses…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Aftab Anjum , Fengyang Sun , Lin Wang , Jeff Orchard

Recent years have seen the proposal of a number of neural architectures for the problem of Program Induction. Given a set of input-output examples, these architectures are able to learn mappings that generalize to new test inputs. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Emilio Parisotto , Abdel-rahman Mohamed , Rishabh Singh , Lihong Li , Dengyong Zhou , Pushmeet Kohli

Visual reasoning is essential for building intelligent agents that understand the world and perform problem-solving beyond perception. Differentiable forward reasoning has been developed to integrate reasoning with gradient-based machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hikaru Shindo , Viktor Pfanschilling , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Algorithms are presented for the tanh- and sech-methods, which lead to closed-form solutions of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations (ODEs and PDEs). New algorithms are given to find exact polynomial solutions of ODEs and…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Baldwin , U. Goktas , W. Hereman , L. Hong , R. S. Martino , J. Miller

We propose neural-symbolic integration for abstract concept explanation and interactive learning. Neural-symbolic integration and explanation allow users and domain-experts to learn about the data-driven decision making process of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Benedikt Wagner , Artur d'Avila Garcez

Learning efficient and interpretable policies has been a challenging task in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in the visual RL setting with complex scenes. While neural networks have achieved competitive performance, the resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Wenqing Zheng , S P Sharan , Zhiwen Fan , Kevin Wang , Yihan Xi , Zhangyang Wang

This paper introduces a novel automated system for generating architecture schematic designs aimed at streamlining complex decision-making at the multifamily real estate development project's outset. Leveraging the combined strengths of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Milin Kodnongbua , Lawrence H. Curtis , Adriana Schulz

Numerous phenomenological nuclear models have been proposed to describe specific observables within different regions of the nuclear chart. However, developing a unified model that describes the complex behavior of all nuclei remains an…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-05-14 Jose M. Munoz , Silviu M. Udrescu , Ronald F. Garcia Ruiz

Most of the neural networks (NNs) learned via state-of-the-art machine learning techniques are black-box models. For a widespread success of machine learning in science and engineering, it is important to develop new NN architectures to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Gang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit persistent logical failures in complex reasoning due to the lack of an internal axiomatic framework. We propose Mathesis, a neuro-symbolic architecture that encodes mathematical states as higher-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Keqin Xie

Model-based approaches for (bio)process systems often suffer from incomplete knowledge of the underlying physical, chemical, or biological laws. Universal differential equations, which embed neural networks within differential equations,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-20 Arno Strouwen

Symbolic encoding has been used in multi-operator learning as a way to embed additional information for distinct time-series data. For spatiotemporal systems described by time-dependent partial differential equations, the equation itself…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Derek Jollie , Jingmin Sun , Zecheng Zhang , Hayden Schaeffer

Symbolic regression (SR) is an area of interpretable machine learning that aims to identify mathematical expressions, often composed of simple functions, that best fit in a given set of covariates $X$ and response $y$. In recent years, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Sida Li , Ioana Marinescu , Sebastian Musslick

We propose a new class of probabilistic neural-symbolic models, that have symbolic functional programs as a latent, stochastic variable. Instantiated in the context of visual question answering, our probabilistic formulation offers two key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Ramakrishna Vedantam , Karan Desai , Stefan Lee , Marcus Rohrbach , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh

State-of-the-art neural models of source code tend to be evaluated on the generation of individual expressions and lines of code, and commonly fail on long-horizon tasks such as the generation of entire method bodies. We propose to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Rohan Mukherjee , Yeming Wen , Dipak Chaudhari , Thomas W. Reps , Swarat Chaudhuri , Chris Jermaine

Simulation and modeling are essential in product development, integrated into the design and manufacturing process to enhance efficiency and quality. They are typically represented as complex nonlinear differential algebraic equations. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenqiang Yang , Wenyuan Wu , Yong Feng , Changbo Chen

In an era where symbolic mathematical equations are indispensable for modeling complex natural phenomena, scientific inquiry often involves collecting observations and translating them into mathematical expressions. Recently, deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Kazem Meidani , Parshin Shojaee , Chandan K. Reddy , Amir Barati Farimani
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