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Deep learning has become the dominant approach for creating high capacity, scalable models across diverse data modalities. However, because these models rely on a large number of learned parameters, tightly couple feature extraction with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Adam Gould , Francesca Toni

Deep Symbolic Optimization (DSO) is a novel computational framework that enables symbolic optimization for scientific discovery, particularly in applications involving the search for intricate symbolic structures. One notable example is…

Recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be largely attributed to the use of neural networks. However, this black-box approach fails to explain the learned policy in a human understandable way. To address this challenge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Zhihao Ma , Yuzheng Zhuang , Paul Weng , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Dong Li , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao

Deep learning is bringing remarkable contributions to the field of argumentation mining, but the existing approaches still need to fill the gap toward performing advanced reasoning tasks. In this position paper, we posit that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Andrea Galassi , Kristian Kersting , Marco Lippi , Xiaoting Shao , Paolo Torroni

Previous math word problem solvers following the encoder-decoder paradigm fail to explicitly incorporate essential math symbolic constraints, leading to unexplainable and unreasonable predictions. Herein, we propose Neural-Symbolic Solver…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jinghui Qin , Xiaodan Liang , Yining Hong , Jianheng Tang , Liang Lin

Differential equations are widely used to describe complex dynamical systems with evolving parameters in nature and engineering. Effectively learning a family of maps from the parameter function to the system dynamics is of great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Xin Li , Chengli Zhao , Xue Zhang , Xiaojun Duan

Numerous neuro-symbolic approaches have recently been proposed typically with the goal of adding symbolic knowledge to the output layer of a neural network. Ideally, such losses maximize the probability that the neural network's predictions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Kareem Ahmed , Kai-Wei Chang , Guy Van den Broeck

Many machine learning strategies designed to automate mathematical tasks leverage neural networks to search large combinatorial spaces of mathematical symbols. In contrast to traditional evolutionary approaches, using a neural network at…

In this paper we discuss three symbolic approaches for the generation of a finite difference scheme of a partial differential equation (PDE). We prove, that for a linear PDE with constant coefficients these three approaches are equivalent…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 Viktor Levandovskyy , Bernd Martin

Partial differential equations have a wide range of applications in modeling multiple physical, biological, or social phenomena. Therefore, we need to approximate the solutions of these equations in computationally feasible terms. Nowadays,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Carlos Uriarte

Integrating symbolic techniques with statistical ones is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence. The motivation is that the strengths of either area match the weaknesses of the other, and $\unicode{x2013}$ by combining the two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jonathan Feldstein , Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle , Efthymia Tsamoura

Neural networks have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling physical systems, offering the ability to learn complex representations from limited data while integrating foundational scientific knowledge. In particular, neuro-symbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Wenkai Tan , Alvaro Velasquez , Houbing Song

The solution to partial differential equations using deep learning approaches has shown promising results for several classes of initial and boundary-value problems. However, their ability to surpass, particularly in terms of accuracy,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-23 Ziad Aldirany , Régis Cottereau , Marc Laforest , Serge Prudhomme

Imitation learning is a popular method for teaching robots new behaviors. However, most existing methods focus on teaching short, isolated skills rather than long, multi-step tasks. To bridge this gap, imitation learning algorithms must not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Leon Keller , Daniel Tanneberg , Jan Peters

Large language models (LLMs) continue to face challenges in reliably solving reasoning tasks, particularly those that require precise rule following, as often found in mathematical reasoning. This paper introduces a novel neurosymbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Varun Dhanraj , Chris Eliasmith

In recent years, neural systems have demonstrated highly effective learning ability and superior perception intelligence. However, they have been found to lack effective reasoning and cognitive ability. On the other hand, symbolic systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Dongran Yu , Bo Yang , Dayou Liu , Hui Wang , Shirui Pan

Analysis and manipulation of trained neural networks is a challenging and important problem. We propose a symbolic representation for piecewise-linear neural networks and discuss its efficient computation. With this representation, one can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Matthew Sotoudeh , Aditya V. Thakur

We introduce neural networks for end-to-end differentiable proving of queries to knowledge bases by operating on dense vector representations of symbols. These neural networks are constructed recursively by taking inspiration from the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Tim Rocktäschel , Sebastian Riedel

Symbolic rule learners generate interpretable solutions, however they require the input to be encoded symbolically. Neuro-symbolic approaches overcome this issue by mapping raw data to latent symbolic concepts using a neural network.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Theo Charalambous , Yaniv Aspis , Alessandra Russo

Discovering symbolic differential equations from data uncovers fundamental dynamical laws underlying complex systems. However, existing methods often struggle with the vast search space of equations and may produce equations that violate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jianke Yang , Manu Bhat , Bryan Hu , Yadi Cao , Nima Dehmamy , Robin Walters , Rose Yu