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Related papers: The GDPR Enforcement Fines at Glance

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The Accountability Principle of the GDPR requires that an organisation can demonstrate compliance with the regulations. A survey of GDPR compliance software solutions shows significant gaps in their ability to demonstrate compliance. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Paul Ryan , Martin Crane , Rob Brennan

Automating the detection of EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) violations in source code is a critical but underexplored challenge. We introduce \textbf{GDPR-Bench-Android}, the first comprehensive benchmark for evaluating diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Huaijin Ran , Haoyi Zhang , Xunzhu Tang

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) brings new challenges for companies who must ensure they have an appropriate legal basis for processing personal data and must provide transparency with respect to personal data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Sabrina Kirrane , Javier D. Fernández , Piero Bonatti , Uros Milosevic , Axel Polleres , Rigo Wenning

A new Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) was recently agreed upon in the European Union (EU). The paper examines and elaborates what new requirements the CRA entails by contrasting it with the older General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jukka Ruohonen , Kalle Hjerppe , Eun-Young Kang

General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) aim to safeguard individuals' personal information from harm. While full compliance is mandatory in the European Union and the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), it is not in other places. GDPR…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Nasim Sonboli , Sipei Li , Mehdi Elahi , Asia Biega

In this short paper, we consider the roles of HCI in enabling the better governance of consequential machine learning systems using the rights and obligations laid out in the recent 2016 EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)---a law…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Michael Veale , Reuben Binns , Max Van Kleek

Since GDPR went into effect in 2018, many other data protection and privacy regulations have been released. With the new regulation, there has been an associated increase in industry professionals focused on data protection and privacy.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Thomas Şerban von Davier , Konrad Kollnig , Reuben Binns , Max Van Kleek , Nigel Shadbolt

We studied variability in General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) awareness in relation to digital experience in the 28 European countries of EU27-UK, through secondary analysis of the Eurobarometer 91.2 survey conducted in March 2019 (N…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Razvan Rughinis , Cosima Rughinis , Simona Nicoleta Vulpe , Daniel Rosner

The European Union (EU) has long favored a risk-based approach to regulation. Such an approach is also used in recent cyber security legislation enacted in the EU. Risks are also inherently related to compliance with the new legislation.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jukka Ruohonen , Jesper Løffler Nielsen , Jakub Skórczynski

The recent European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other data protection regulations restrict the processing of some categories of personal data (health, political orientation, sexual preferences, religious beliefs, ethnic…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Ángel Cuevas , José González Cabañas , Aritz Arrate , Rubén Cuevas

The application of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has significantly affected privacy requirements elicitation, modelling, and verification in Software Engineering (SE). One of the affected areas is requirements visualisation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Evangelia Vanezi , Georgia M. Kapitsaki , Anna Philippou

This article sheds light on legal implications and challenges surrounding emotion data processing within the EU's legal framework. Despite the sensitive nature of emotion data, the GDPR does not categorize it as special data, resulting in a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Andreas Hauselmann , Alan M. Sears , Lex Zard , Eduard Fosch-Villaronga

Big data has become a great asset for many organizations, promising improved operations and new business opportunities. However, big data has increased access to sensitive information that when processed can directly jeopardize the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Nils Gruschka , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Kamer Vishi , Meiko Jensen

Ensuring data quality in machine learning (ML) systems has become increasingly complex as regulatory requirements expand. In the European Union (EU), frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Artificial…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yichun Wang , Kristina Irion , Paul Groth , Hazar Harmouch

Processing personal data is regulated in Europe by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through data processing agreements (DPAs). Checking the compliance of DPAs contributes to the compliance verification of software systems as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Orlando Amaral , Muhammad Ilyas Azeem , Sallam Abualhaija , Lionel C Briand

The upcoming European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) prohibits the processing and exploitation of some categories of personal data (health, political orientation, sexual preferences, religious beliefs, ethnic origin, etc.) due to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-21 José González Cabañas , Ángel Cuevas , Rubén Cuevas

The GDPR grants data subjects certain rights, like the right to access their data from companies, but in practice multiple problems exist with exercising these rights such as unknown data holders or interpreting the received data. Small and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Erik Klinger , Alex Wiesmaier , Andreas Heinemann

Ensuring compliance with international data protection standards for privacy and data security is a crucial but complex task, often requiring substantial legal expertise. This paper introduces LegiLM, a novel legal language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Linkai Zhu , Lu Yang , Chaofan Li , Shanwen Hu , Lu Liu , Bin Yin

The Indian Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 provides a legal framework for protecting personal data. It is modeled after the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR). We present a detailed description of the Bill, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Ram Govind Singh , Sushmita Ruj

Although blockchain-based digital services promise trust, accountability, and transparency, multiple paradoxes between blockchains and GDPR have been highlighted in the recent literature. Some of the recent literature also proposed possible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-02 AKM Bahalul Haque , AKM Najmul Islam , Sami Hyrynsalmi , Bilal Naqvi , Kari Smolander